Concentration and Solubility of Flavanones in Orange Beverages Affect Their Bioavailability in Humans

Abstract

Orange juice is a very rich source of dietary flavanones. The effect of flavanone concentration and solubility of orange beverages on their bioavailability has been studied in a crossover study with 10 healthy volunteers. Five different beverages with different flavanone concentrations were evaluated. Commercial orange juices (29.2-70.3 mg of flavanones/100 mL) were compared with experimental orange beverages in which the flavanone concentration was enhanced (110.2 mg/100 mL). Hesperetin and naringenin glucuronides and sulfates were detected and quantified in plasma and urine. The study shows that the solubility of the flavanones, and particularly that of hesperidin, in the juice is a key factor for the bioavailability as flavanone excretion and the C(max) in plasma correlate well with the soluble flavanone concentration in the juice, whereas it has no correlation with the total flavanone intake. In addition, a large interindividual variation was observed, this being consistent for each individual after the intake of the different beverages, suggesting that flavanone bioavailability is also dependent on the occurrence of specific microbiota that is able to remove the rutinosides from the juice glycosides, which results in aglycones that are then absorbed from the gut.

Role of the small intestine, colon and microbiota in determining the metabolic fate of polyphenols

“…Hesperidin is found at high levels in citrus fruits and is the rutinoside of hesperetin (hesperetin-7-O-rhamnoglucoside) [28]. Intact hesperidin is not absorbed across the small intestine epithelium as shown by direct jejunal perfusion in humans [29] (Fig.…”

Natural Products Modulate the Multifactorial Multidrug Resistance of Cancer

“…They constitute an important part of the human diet with an average of 200 mg consumed daily in the Western diet [118] [119].…”

Nucleotides, micro- and macro-nutrients, limonoids, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamates composition in the phloem sap of sweet orange

“…Hesperidin was the most abundant flavonoid in leaves of sweet orange trees. [51][52] Hesperidin was also found at high concentrations (168-380 ppm) in citrus juice. 53 Three flavone glycosides (isorhoifolin, diosmin, and vicenin-2) were also detected in the citrus phloem sap.…”

“…Diosmin and isorhoifolin were also reported in citrus leaves and juice. 51,52,54 Eight methoxylated flavones were also detected in the phloem sap (Table 4), however they were found at concentrations below 12 m mole/kg fwt (Table 4). Sinensetin was the most predominant flavone followed by nobiletin (Table 4).…”

“…Isosinensetin, sinensetin, nobiletin, tetramethylscutellarein, heptamethoxyflavone, and tangeretin were previously reported in sweet orange leaves and juice. [51][52] Our current and previous study showed that many of the components found in the citrus phloem sap, were also found in the orange juice. 22 The presence of these components in orange juice could explain the prolonged viability of CLas after the addition of orange juice to growth medium.…”