Concentration and size distribution of water-extracted dimethylaminium and trimethylaminium in atmospheric particles during nine campaigns - Implications for sources, phase states and formation pathways

Xie, Haibo; Feng, Limin; Hu, Qingxian; Zhu, Yujiao; Gao, Huiwang; Gao, Yang; Yao, Xiaohong

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.303

Cited by 30 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In four out of the five total samples in Category 2, the concentrations of NH 4 + , NO 3 − , and SO 4 − in PM 0.056–10 are significantly smaller than the 66th percentile values of the corresponding species in Categories 1 and 3. In addition, the ratios of [TMA + ] PM0.056–10 /[NH 4 + ] PM0.056–10 and [DMA + ] PM0.056–10 /[NH 4 + ] PM0.056–10 in Category 2 are approximately 1 order of magnitude larger than those observed at a semiurban site along the coast of the SYS (Xie et al, ). These results imply that the DMA + and TMA + in PM 0.056–10 may be derived mainly from oceanic sources rather than long‐range transport from continental sources.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the measurements collected from the marginal seas of China to the NWPO in the spring of 2015, the dominant modes of DMA + and TMA + are generally resolved at 0.4 ± 0.1 μm; on a few occasions, they are resolved at 0.8 ± 0.2 μm (Yu et al, ). In the literature, the particle mode of species at 0.4 μm may be associated with either primary combustion emissions or heterogeneous reactions (Ondov & Wexler, ; Xie et al, ). Assuming that the DMA + over the NWPO is derived mainly from oceanic sources, the latter likely formed the DMA + mode at 0.4 ± 0.1 μm through an acid‐base neutralization reaction between the gaseous amines and acidic particles (Sauerwein & Chan, ; Xie et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a large anticyclonic eddy, the degradation of N‐containing organic matter by surface bacteria may be less effective in the absence of heterotrophic bacteria from the upper mesopelagic zone (Letscher et al, ; Wang et al, ). However, we cannot exclude other possible explanations of the [DMA + ] PM0.056–10 and [TMA + ] PM0.056–10 values, which are BFB; one example is the competition for acidic species among NH 3 , DMA, and TMA (Xie et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, 55 pieces of 47‐mm filters were employed as field blanks during the campaign. The chemical analysis and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) processes employed in this study have been described in detail by Hu et al (), Yu et al (), and Xie et al (), and a few indexes are listed in Table S1. A few key points are summarized below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study seemingly supports this hypothesis; that is, amine functional groups have been detected in primary organic aerosols in the atmosphere over the open ocean (Frossard et al, ). In addition, salinity, biogeochemical processes, air‐sea exchanges, gas‐particle condensation, and competition between amines and ammonia in neutralizing acidic species may also affect the concentrations and size distributions of aminium salts in marine atmospheric particles (Ge et al, ; Xie et al, ). Unfortunately, the factors that represent the primary controls on the concentrations and formation pathways of aminium salts remain poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large Increases in Primary Trimethylaminium and Secondary Dimethylaminium in Atmospheric Particles Associated With Cyclonic Eddies in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Gao

et al. 2018

JGR Atmospheres

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Dimethylaminium (DMA + ) and trimethylaminium (TMA + ) ions in size-segregated atmospheric particles are measured across the marginal seas of China and the northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) in March-May 2014. The concentrations of DMA + and TMA + in particles with diameters of 0.056-10 μm (PM 0.056-10 ) collected from the eutrophic seas are 0.22 ± 0.38 nmol/m 3 and 0.11 ± 0.23 nmol/m 3 , respectively. Surprisingly, an average TMA + concentration that is 1 order of magnitude higher and a slightly higher average DMA + concentration are observed across the oligotrophic NWPO. However, the concentrations of chlorophyll-a in the NWPO are approximately 5 times lower than those in the marginal seas. The maximum concentrations of TMA + (4.39 nmol/m 3 ) and DMA + (0.92 nmol/m 3 ) in PM 0.056-10 are observed close to the largest cyclonic eddy in the NWPO under an average wind speed of 14 m/s. The concentrations of TMA + increase with decreasing particle size in the sample, whereas those of DMA + exhibit a condensation mode at 0.2 μm and a droplet mode at 1-2 μm. The bimodal size distribution of DMA + is conventionally interpreted in terms of secondary reactions in the atmosphere. The unique size distribution of TMA + suggests that it very likely originates from sea-spray aerosols. Based on their size distributions in other samples collected over the NWPO, these conclusions may generally apply for TMA + and DMA + . Moreover, we propose a novel conceptual model to explain how the largely increased primary TMA + and secondary DMA + are linked to emissions of sea-spray aerosols and gaseous precursors from various cyclonic eddies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large Increases in Primary Trimethylaminium and Secondary Dimethylaminium in Atmospheric Particles Associated With Cyclonic Eddies in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Gao

et al. 2018

JGR Atmospheres

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Particulate Amines in the Background Atmosphere of the Yangtze River Delta, China: Concentration, Size Distribution, and Sources

Wang

Yang

et al. 2021

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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Amines are important for new particle formation and subsequent growth in the atmosphere. Consequently, the processes involved are receiving more attention in recent years. Here, we conduct a field observation in order to investigate the atmospheric particulate amines at a background site in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) during the summer of 2018. Four amines in PM 2.5 , i.e., methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), diethylamine (DEA), and trimethylamine (TMA), were collected, twice daily and analyzed. During the campaign, our measurements found the concentrations of MA, DMA, DEA, and TMA of 15.0 ± 15.0, 6.3 ± 6.9, 20.4 ± 30.1, and 4.0 ± 5.9 ng m -3 , respectively, and the four amines correlated well with each other. The concentration of amines appear to be independent of whether they were collected during the day or night. Both MA and DMA exhibited a bimodal size distribution that had peaks at 0.67 and 1.1 μm, suggesting amines preferably distribute on submicron particles. Boundary layer height (BLH), relative humidity, and pH of aerosols were found have a negative relationship with amines, while aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) was found to have a positive relationship with amines. The PMF (positive matrix factorization) source apportionment results showed that the main source of amines in Chongming Island was of anthropogenic origin such as industrial and biomass emission, followed by marine sources including sea salt and marine biogenic sources. Given that the YRD region is still suffering from complex atmospheric pollution and that the knowledge on aerosol amines is still limited, more field studies are in urgent need for a better understanding of the pollution characteristics of amines.

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Surface water formation on the natural surface under supersaturation: from local water balance to air pollutant deposition

Feng

Gao

et al. 2020

Air Qual Atmos Health

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Heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent growth of surface water occur on the natural substrate when the water vapor concentration reached the point of super-saturation. This study focuses on the parameterization of super-saturation on the canopy-air interface by field observations monitoring surface water formation (SWF) such as dew and frost in the evergreen shrub at an urban cite during autumn and winter in 2015-2017. Here we show that both the interfacial and vertical temperature differences ranged from 1 to 3 K and were necessary but not sufficient for super-saturated condensation on the natural surface. Excessive supplies of moisture must exist, continuously contribute to the growth of the condensed water embryos, originate from both the local and the external sources such as evapotranspiration and atmospheric advection driven by the reduced air pressure, cause SWF not only on the ground soil but also on the vegetation canopy at 1-2 m height. The super-saturation ratio is mainly determined by the coefficient of thermophoresis deposition, which approaches to 1. SWF on the natural surface is not only an indicator but also a weak cleaner of air pollution. The downward 2 thermophoresis deposition of fine particle and droplets favors SWF and the scavenging of air pollutants.The removal efficiency of the deposition flux during SWF event for [SO4 2-+NO3 -] is estimated by ~0.3 mmol (per [Ca 2+ ] meq)/m 2 (per leaf area).

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Concentration and size distribution of water-extracted dimethylaminium and trimethylaminium in atmospheric particles during nine campaigns - Implications for sources, phase states and formation pathways

Cited by 30 publications

References 45 publications

Large Increases in Primary Trimethylaminium and Secondary Dimethylaminium in Atmospheric Particles Associated With Cyclonic Eddies in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Large Increases in Primary Trimethylaminium and Secondary Dimethylaminium in Atmospheric Particles Associated With Cyclonic Eddies in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Particulate Amines in the Background Atmosphere of the Yangtze River Delta, China: Concentration, Size Distribution, and Sources

Surface water formation on the natural surface under supersaturation: from local water balance to air pollutant deposition

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