Concentration and Size Distribution of Fungi Aerosol over Oceans along a Cruise Path during the Fourth Chinese Arctic Research Expedition

Abstract

Bioaerosol can act as nuclei and thus may play an important role in climate change. During the Fourth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE 2010) from July to September 2010, the concentrations and size distributions of airborne fungi, which are thought to be one of important bioaerosols, in the marine boundary layer were investigated. The concentrations of airborne fungi varied considerably with a range of 0 to 320.4 CFU/m 3 . The fungal concentrations in the marine boundary layer were significantly lower than those in most continental ecosystems. Airborne fungi over oceans roughly displayed a decreasing trend with increasing latitudes. The mean concentrations of airborne fungi in the region of offshore China, the western North Pacific Ocean, the Chukchi Sea, the Canada Basin, and the central Arctic Ocean were 172.2 ± 158.4, 73.8 ± 104.4, 13.3 ± 16.2, 16.5 ± 8.0, and 1.2 ± 1.0 CFU/m 3 , respectively. In most areas airborne fungi showed a unimodal size distribution pattern, with the maximum proportion (about 36.2%) in the range of 2.1~3.3 µm and the minimum proportion (about 3.5%) in the range of 0.65~1.1 µm, and over 50% occurred on the fine size (<3.3 µm). Potential factors influencing airborne fungal concentrations, including the origin of air mass, meteorological conditions, and sea ice conditions, were discussed. OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2013, 4 338

A Simulation Study to Reveal the Epidemiology and Aerosol Transmission Characteristics of Botrytis cinerea in Grape Greenhouses

“…In this study, B. cinerea aerosols were produced by a six-jet Collison nebulizer in exposure chambers to avoid other transmission routes, and the results proved that B. cinerea aerosols instead of other transmission factors cause grape gray mold. Fungi in bioaerosols are generally derived from soil, water, plants, animals, and so on [ 46 , 47 ]. Temperature, humidity, wind, and sea ice are important meteorological conditions that influence the concentrations and sizes of airborne fungi [ 46 , 48 ].…”

“…The size of bioaerosols is a main factor that impacts their ability to reach plant tissues through natural openings and successfully infect host plants [ 21 ]. Previous studies showed that the size distributions of airborne fungi ranged from 0.65 µm to larger than 7 µm [ 39 , 47 ]. In our study, approximately 38% of B. cinerea aerosols were distributed in the 1.1–2.1 μm range, and particle sizes of 4.7–7.0 µm were the least frequent (accounting for 7.6%).…”

Planktonic Marine Fungi: A Review

“…Managing these risks necessitates conducting checks at different stages of the process, such as deploying sealed bottles/tubes/bags/buckets containing sterile seawater on‐site to detect any potential contamination. Aerosol samples at sea can be taken at the time of seawater sampling, using common air samplers such as quartz fiber or glass fiber filter‐based devices for culture‐independent analysis (Fröhlich‐Nowoisky et al., 2012), and six‐stage Andersen impactor (Yu et al., 2013) or Burkard sampler (Mescioglu et al., 2021) for culture‐based examination. This allows for the assessment of culturable fungal diversity in the sampled air, providing a basis for comparison with the fungal diversity in the seawater at the same time of sampling.…”

Planktonic marine fungi: A review

“…Managing these risks necessitates conducting checks at different stages of the process, such as deploying sealed bottles/tubes/bags/buckets containing sterile seawater onsite to detect any potential contamination. Aerosol samples at sea can be taken at the time of seawater sampling, using common air samplers such as quartz fiber or glass fiber filter-based devices for culture-independent analysis (Fröhlich-Nowoisky et al, 2012), and six-stage Andersen impactor (Yu et al, 2013) or Burkard sampler (Mescioglu et al, 2021) for culturebased examination. This allows for the assessment of culturable fungal diversity in the sampled air, providing a basis for comparison with the fungal diversity in the seawater at the same time of sampling.…”