Concentration and persistence of oxytetracycline in sediments under a marine salmon farm

Coyne, Rosie; Hiney, Maura; O’Connor, Brendan; Kerry, Joe P.; Cazabon, Dave; Smith, Peter

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(94)90117-1

Cited by 99 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It has been suggested that under low-to-moderate current conditions, bivalves would need to be cultured well within 50 m of the fish cages (Cheshuk et al 2003). This conclusion is in agreement with previous studies examining the co-culture of finfish and bivalves (Brown et al 1987, Gowen & Bradbury 1987, Coyne et al 1994, Findlay et al 1995, Cheshuk et al 2003, Lander et al 2012) that showed the limited horizontal displacement of increased seston levels away from the farm. This limited zone of occasional food enhancement significantly restricts the area for bivalve coculture that would enhance their growth relative to mono culture.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Spatial distribution of suspended particulate wastes at open-water Atlantic salmon and sablefish aquaculture farms in Canada

Brager¹,

Cranford²,

Grant³

et al. 2015

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Finfish aquaculture results in the production of particulate waste products that include uneaten feed and faeces. The impact of these wastes on the suspended particle field at 4 open-water fish farms in Canada was studied using high-resolution in situ particle sensors. Within-pen sampling at a sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria farm in British Columbia provided some evidence of the release of low levels (mean effect < 0.2 mg l −1 ) of waste feed near the surface (1−3 m depth), but no waste signal was detectable in surface waters outside this farm. Enhancement of the particle field was also not apparent in surface waters (0.5−2 m depth) within the boundaries of an Atlantic salmon Salmo salar farm in the Bay of Fundy. However, data collected outside 2 adjacent farms indicated periodic, low-level particle enhancement (significant mean effect of <1.0 mg l −1 ; p < 0.001) near the surface immediately down-current from the net-pens. Despite the large sample numbers obtained, consistent detection of waste particle enhancement was confounded by the apparently small effect size and natural seston patchiness. These results suggest that any farm-induced effect on the surrounding particle field at the study sites would be highly localized and episodic. Consequently, the potential for enhanced production by co-cultured bivalve filter-feeders at these integrated multi-trophic aquaculture farms is limited by available space close to net-pens and the periodic availability of low levels of suspended particulate fish wastes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Spatial distribution of suspended particulate wastes at open-water Atlantic salmon and sablefish aquaculture farms in Canada

Brager¹,

Cranford²,

Grant³

et al. 2015

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…Furthermore, residues of antimicrobials have been found in the sediments of marine fish farms (7,17). Overfeeding and water currents around marine fish farms, particularly on the seafloor, have been shown to significantly influence the buildup of antimicrobials in sediment (10). Microbial degradation, diffusion (30), and light and temperature conditions (22,29) have also been shown to be factors that influence the turnover of antimicrobials in sediment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Integrated Fish Farming on Antimicrobial Resistance in a Pond Environment

Petersen

Andersen²,

Kaewmak

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

180

110

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Integrated fish farming combines livestock production with fish farming. Animal manure is shed directly into a fish pond as fertilizer and supports the growth of photosynthetic organisms. The livestock, mainly chickens and pigs, is often fed feed containing growth promoters. In this study we investigated the impact of integrated fish farming on the levels of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in a pond environment. One integrated broiler chicken-fish farm was studied for 2 months immediately after the start of a new fish production cycle. A significant increase over time in the resistance to six different antimicrobials was found for the indicator organism Acinetobacter spp. isolated from composite water-sediment samples. The initial resistance levels prior to the new production cycle were 1 to 5%. After 2 months the levels of resistance to oxytetracycline and sulfamethoxazole reached 100%, and the levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin were more than 80%. The long-term effects of resistance on integrated farming were studied on seven additional farms. The resistance levels were particularly high among Enterococcus spp. and were also high among Acinetobacter spp. isolated from water-sediment samples compared to the resistance levels at four control farms. In conclusion, integrated fish farming seems to favor antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the pond environment. This could be attributed to the selective pressure of antimicrobials in the pond environment and/or to the introduction of antimicrobialresistant bacteria from animal manure. Potential risks to human health were not addressed in this study and remain to be elucidated.

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“…Antecedentes bibliográficos plantean que la velocidad de degradación de la OTC en condiciones naturales en los sedimentos marinos es baja (Samuelsen et al 1994) y que su vida media sería función de la tasa de reingreso de la oxitetraciclina hacia la columna de agua (Smith & Samuelsen 1996). En este estudio, la mayor concentración medida de OTC en los sedimentos en torno a la balsa jaula, fue de 24,1 ± 1,03 µg g -1 , mayor al rango de concentraciones informada para 13 centros de salmónidos, i.e., 0,1 y 11 µg g -1 (Bjorklund et al 1991, Coyne et al 1994, Kerry et al 1995, pero inferior a 285 µg g -1 informada por Samuelsen et al (1992).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Hongos aislados desde sedimentos de fiordos chilenos degradadores de oxitetraciclina

Ahumada-Rudolph

Novoa

Rudolph

et al. 2016

Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.

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Abstract.-It is proposed that marine fungi are a good alternative for remediation of areas contaminated with antibiotics due to their heterotrophic condition, adaptability to environmental changes, and specific resistance to stressors. With this assumption we investigated the fjords of Southern Chile, which are characterized by salmon farming. We evaluated the concentration of oxytetracycline (OTC) in sediments from different areas surrounding salmon cages. In addition, we isolated fungi species to assess their ability to degrade OTC. Measurable amounts of OTC were detected in deeper sediments located at the eastern sector of cages and rafts (Z= 100 m; 4.62 ± 0.12 to 24.1 ± 1.03 µg g -1 ). Thirty-eight strains of endemic fungi were isolated and identified in the sediments near the farming center. Among these strains we detected species from the Phylum Ascomycetes, including Penicillium commune, Aspergillus terreus, Beauveria bassiana, Trichoderma harzianum, Epicoccum nigrum and Emericellopsis alkaline. These strains fungi were capable of degrading about 76 to 92% of the OTC present in the culture media. The results of this study constitute a first step into implementing processes that could favor waste bioremediation from marine sediments.Key words: Degradation, marine fungi, Ascomycota, oxytetracycline, bioremediationResumen.-Los hongos marinos por su condición heterótrofa, su adaptabilidad a la variabilidad ambiental y su resistencia específica a diferentes estresores, son una opción para ser empleados como restauradores de sectores contaminados con antibióticos. Con esta hipótesis se realizó la investigación en una zona de cultivo de salmones en el sur de Chile. Para ello se evaluó la concentración de oxitetraciclina (OTC) de sedimentos de diferentes zonas cercanas a jaulas de cultivo de salmón. También se aisló de sedimentos cepas de hongos para evaluar su capacidad de degradar OTC. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron en el área de estudio concentraciones de OTC que fluctuaron entre 4,62 ± 0,12 a 24,1 ± 1,03 µg g -1 , en el sector Este a la balsa jaula y en los sedimentos de 100 m de profundidad. Además, de estos sedimentos se aisló 38 cepas de hongos y se identificó y trabajó con 6 cepas del Phylum Ascomycetes: Penicillium commune, Aspergillus terreus, Beauveria bassiana, Trichoderma harzianum, Epicoccum nigrum y Emericellopsis alkalina. Las pruebas de biodegradación demostraron que las cepas fueron capaces de degradar OTC en porcentajes que fluctuaron entre 76 y 92%. Los resultados representan un primer paso en la implementación de procesos que permitan la biorremediación de residuos de OTC desde los sedimentos.Palabras clave: Degradación, hongo marino, Ascomycota, oxitetraciclina, biorremediación INTRODUCCIÓNLa oxitetraciclina (OTC) es un antibiótico de amplio espectro incluido en el grupo de las tetraciclina y uno de los dos antibióticos (junto a la estreptomicina) registrados por la EPA para uso veterinario, como tratamiento profiláctico. La OTC es de bajo costo y alta eficiencia, debido a que interfiere...

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Concentration and persistence of oxytetracycline in sediments under a marine salmon farm

Cited by 99 publications

References 5 publications

Spatial distribution of suspended particulate wastes at open-water Atlantic salmon and sablefish aquaculture farms in Canada

Spatial distribution of suspended particulate wastes at open-water Atlantic salmon and sablefish aquaculture farms in Canada

Impact of Integrated Fish Farming on Antimicrobial Resistance in a Pond Environment

Hongos aislados desde sedimentos de fiordos chilenos degradadores de oxitetraciclina

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