Concentration and microbiological utilization of small organic molecules in the Scheldt estuary, the Belgian coastal zone of the North Sea and the English Channel

Billen, Gilles; Joiris, Claude R.; Wijnant, J.; Gillain, G.

doi:10.1016/s0302-3524(80)80084-3

Cited by 118 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This approach has revealed short term conversion efficiencies of about 70% for glucose and various amino acids (reviewed in Joint & Monis 1982, Williams 1984). An exception is Billen et al (1980), obtaining an average conversion efficiency of 33 %.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterioplankton growth yield in continuous seawater cultures

Bjørnsen¹

1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Estuarine planktonic bacteria were grown in gas-tight continuous cultures on filtered seawater with reduced content of inorganic carbon. Production of CO, (respiration) and of particulate organic matter (net production) were measured by infrared gas analysis, and growth yield was calculated as net production divided by the sum of respiration and net production. Cultures grown at 6, l 0 and 15 "C showed an average growth yield of 20.7 % ( k l . l , 95 % CL) with minor correlations to both temperature and generation time. This value is considerably lower than the generally assumed growth yield of 60 %, based on short term uptake of radiolabelled substrates. Bacterioplankton gross production and substrate demand might thus have been severely underestimated in previous studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterioplankton growth yield in continuous seawater cultures

Bjørnsen¹

1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Leboulanger et al measured glycolate concentrations up to 0.97 µM in mesotrophic waters and 0.22 µM in oligotrophic waters of the tropical Atlantic Ocean (Leboulanger et al, 1997), and 0.32-1.17 µM during a phytoplankton bloom in coastal Mediterranean waters (Leboulanger et al, 1994). Relatively high glycolate concentrations (0.89-4.50 µM) have been measured in coastal waters off Belgium (Billen et al, 1980). It is likely that there is rapid turnover of the glycolate pool in the ocean due to production associated with photosynthesis and consumption by heterotrophic prokaryotes.…”

Section: Nucleic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Thornton

2014

European Journal of Phycology

356

311

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The partitioning of organic matter (OM) between dissolved and particulate phases is an important factor in determining the fate of organic carbon in the ocean. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton is a ubiquitous process, resulting in 2-50% of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis leaving the cell. This loss can be divided into two components: passive leakage by diffusion across the cell membrane and the active exudation of DOM into the surrounding environment. At present there is no method to distinguish whether DOM is released via leakage or exudation. Most explanations for exudation remain hypothetical; as while DOM release has been measured extensively, there has been relatively little work to determine why DOM is released. Further research is needed to determine the composition of the DOM released by phytoplankton and to link composition to phytoplankton physiological status and environmental conditions. For example, the causes and physiology of phytoplankton cell death are poorly understood, though cell death increases membrane permeability and presumably DOM release. Recent work has shown that phytoplankton interactions with bacteria are important in determining both the amount and composition of the DOM released. In response to increasing CO 2 in the atmosphere, climate change is creating increasingly stressful conditions for phytoplankton in the surface ocean, including relatively warm water, low pH, low nutrient supply and high light. As ocean physics and chemistry change, it is hypothesized that a greater proportion of primary production will be released directly by phytoplankton into the water as DOM. Changes in the partitioning of primary production between the dissolved and particulate phases will have bottom-up effects on ecosystem structure and function. There is a need for research to determine how these changes affect the fate of organic matter in the ocean, particularly the efficiency of the biological carbon pump.

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“…More recently, Billen et al (1980) have used similar data to calculate the 'yield constant' (y) which expresses the number of bacteria formed per mole of simple I4C-labelled substrate incorporated: y = a/C, where a is the 'growth yield' described above and represents the part of the total substrate taken up for biosynthetic purposes, and C the carbon content of a single cell. Billen et al reported very variable values of a for a number of simple organic substrates, with a mean of 0.3-0.4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate of Degradation and Efficiency of Conversion of Phytoplankton Debris by Marine Micro-Organisms

Newell¹,

Lucas²,

Linley³

1981

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

130

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Detritus from the dinoflagellates Scrippsiella (= Peridinurn) trochoidea and Isochrysis galbana and from the diatoms Skeletonema costaturn, Thalassiosira angstii and Chaetoceros tricornuturn incubated at 10 "C in seawater is colonised by a succession of micro-organisms. Primary microbial decomposers in the incubation experiments were bacterial rods and cocci which reached a peak standing stock carbon of 1.86 f 0.76 % of the carbon supplied to the incubation media by the third day of incubation. The bacteria were subsequently replaced by flagellates which attained a mean peak biomass of 12.5 f 3.58 % of the bacterial biomass by Day 6 before declining. Synchronous measurement of the utilisation of dissolved and particulate components from the incubation media shows that there is a well-defined initial sequence of aggregation of particulate matter to form bacterioparticulate complexes, much as have been recorded for natural waters. During this phase, carbon is mainly utilised from the dissolved component of phytoplankton cell debris, whilst the more refractory components including particulate debris is used more slowly. The dissolved organic component comprises a mean of 34 24 % of the total carbon in the debris and has a 50 % utilisation time of only 1.56 d (37.44 h), whereas the particulate component comprises 65 76 % of the total carbon and has a 50 % utilisation time of as much as 11.56 d (277.4 h). Bacterial carbon conversion efficiency (bacterial carbon/detrital carbon used X 100) during the initial phases of colonisation is 9.8 Sb -a value similar to that recorded for bacterial conversion of dissolved components of macrophyte debris. The results suggest that the carbon conversion budget for the decomposition of phytoplankton cell debris is 100 g carbon yielding 4 -644 g of bacterial carbon. This value for incorporation of carbon into bacteria from phytoplankton cell debris is much lower than might be anticipated from the absorption efficiency of selected labile components released in small quantities by living phytoplankton. The carbon conversion budget for whole phytoplankton debris thus suggests that as much as 30.8 % of the carbon is mineralised and returned to the environment within 3 d by the bacteria which initially colonise the material, whereas the more refractory 64.4 %, comprising carbon in the particulate components of the cell debris, is mineralised within approximately 11 d by bacteria characteristically associated with the decomposition phase of a phytoplankton bloom.

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Concentration and microbiological utilization of small organic molecules in the Scheldt estuary, the Belgian coastal zone of the North Sea and the English Channel

Cited by 118 publications

References 27 publications

Bacterioplankton growth yield in continuous seawater cultures

Bacterioplankton growth yield in continuous seawater cultures

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Rate of Degradation and Efficiency of Conversion of Phytoplankton Debris by Marine Micro-Organisms

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