Comunidad de parásitos metazoarios de la charra Cichlasoma trimaculatum en la laguna de Tres Palos, Guerrero, México

Abstract

Resumen. Entre abril de 2000 y noviembre de 2002 se examinó la composición de la comunidad de parásitos metazoarios de la charra, Cichlasoma trimaculatum a partir de muestras temporales. Fueron recuperadas 12 especies de parásitos (40 969 individuos) de 231 hospederos examinados; 10 helmintos: Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa, Austrodiplostomum compactum, Cladocystis trifolium, Clinostomum complanatum, Crassicutis cichlasomae, Posthodiplostomum minimum, Pseudoacanthostomum panamense, Neoechinorhynchus golvani, Southwellina hispida y Contracaecum sp., y 2 crustáceos: Argulus sp. y Ergasilus sp. La comunidad se caracterizó por un número mayor de parásitos generalistas y pocos especialistas de cíclidos, además por ser pobre en especies. De las 5 especies comunes dentro de la comunidad, 4 presentaron variación temporal en su dinámica de infección a lo largo del tiempo, la cual fue asociada con cambios ambientales generados durante las temporadas de secas y lluvias. La variación en la dinámica de infección de las especies comunes fue capaz de generar cambios en la estructura, tanto en el nivel de componente como en el de infracomunidad; sin embargo, no se observó un patrón claro, lo que indica que la comunidad puede ser poco predecible, como se sugiere para otras comunidades de parásitos de peces dulceacuícolas.

Diversity of parasites inCichlasoma amazonarumKullander, 1983 during rainy and dry seasons in eastern Amazon (Brazil)

“…The parasite community in cichlid Aequidens tetramerus in the same region as that of the present study was composed predominately of ectoparasites species, presenting greater richness of species, diversity and evenness during the dry season (Tavares‐Dias et al., ). In contrast, Cichlasoma trimaculatum in a lake in Mexico had a parasite community composed predominately of endoparasite species, with greater parasite richness and diversity during the rainy season (Violante‐González et al., ). The parasitic communities are influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors (Dias & Tavares‐Dias, ; Ondracková et al., ; Rohlenová et al., ); hence, they can cause differences among different fish populations.…”

“…In a given parasite community, some species undergo substantial changes relating to seasonality, while others do not. This has been explained primarily by parasite life cycles, environmental dynamics and host‐specific immune responses (Lamková et al., ; Neves et al., ; Ondracková et al., ; Tavares‐Dias et al., ; Violante‐González et al., ).…”

“…Therefore, because these infestations come into direct contact with cercariae of Posthodiplostomum sp., the hydrological cycle, hosts' feeding pattern and seasonal availability of the infectious stages of parasites in the environment were determining factors for the seasonal variations of these endoparasites. Environmental conditions may also play an important role in determining seasonal variation in prevalence and abundance of digeneans (Gonçalves et al., ; Violante‐González et al., ). Moreover, this first report of E. paranensis in C. amazonarum showed low parasitic levels of this acanthocephalan, and thus had no effect in the dry and rainy seasons.…”

“…Therefore, in temperate climate regions, the seasonal temperature variations may alter not only the metabolism of the fish, but also the parasite communities in fish populations (Lamková, Šimková, Palíková, Jurajda, & Lojek, ; Ondracková et al., ; Rohlenová et al., ). However, in regions with a tropical climate, it can be expected that the parasite communities will have a stable structure over the course of the year (Dias & Tavares‐Dias, ; Violante‐González, Aguirre‐Macedo, & Rojas‐Herrera, ). In the Amazon region, since the climate is one of tropical forest, the dynamics of rainfall levels may promote changes to the quality of the environment in the different ecosystems (Dias & Tavares‐Dias, ; Gonçalves, Oliveira, Neves, & Tavares‐Dias, ; Neves et al., ; Tavares‐Dias et al., ).…”

Community structure of intestinal adult trematodes (Platyhelminthes) in six species of Haemulon (Osteichthyes) in Puerto Morelos Reef National Park, Quintana Roo, Mexico

“…This overall pattern has been found in other studies, where the feeding habits and the differential availability of the intermediate hosts harboring metacercarial stages of the parasites have been discussed as the main factors structuring parasite communities. (e.g., Violante-González, Aguirre-Macedo, & Rojas-Herrera, 2008). The low diversity of the trematode communities analyzed in this study at both levels indicate that Haemulon species are not top predators in the food web in the study area; high values of parasite diversity indicate that their hosts occupy such position in the food web (Bush et al, 2001;Poulin, 2007).…”