Computing vector differences using a gain field‐like mechanism in monkey frontal eye field

Cassanello, Carlos; Ferrera, Vincent P.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.128801

Cited by 45 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The model produces detailed time courses of activation patterns at the population level, providing quantitative fit to experimentally observed patterns of neural activity during retinocentric remapping. Such neural activity patterns have been found in largely the same cortical areas where gain modulation by gaze direction has been observed, namely LIP and FEF (Duhamel et al 1992;Sommer and Wurtz 2006;Buneo and Andersen 2006;Cassanello and Ferrera 2007). Previously, gain modulation and remapping have been attributed to separate mechanisms (Quaia et al 1998;Keith et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Specifically, it has been shown that gain-modulated neurons may also serve to produce a retinocentric remapping. In a neural network model of double-step saccades which relies on gain-modulated neurons, Xing and Andersen (2000) have observed that some of the neurons show activity patterns consistent with retinocentric remapping (see also White III and Snyder 2004;Cassanello and Ferrera 2007). The authors fail to account, however, for one of the most intriguing properties of the experimentally observed remapping activity, the fact that it can be observed well before the eye movement is completed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A neural mechanism for coordinate transformation predicts pre-saccadic remapping

Schneegans

Schöner

2012

Biol Cybern

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Whenever we shift our gaze, any location information encoded in the retinocentric reference frame that is predominant in the visual system is obliterated. How is spatial memory retained across gaze changes? Two different explanations have been proposed: Retinocentric information may be transformed into a gaze-invariant representation through a mechanism consistent with gain fields observed in parietal cortex, or retinocentric information may be updated in anticipation of the shift expected with every gaze change, a proposal consistent with neural observations in LIP. The explanations were considered incompatible with each other, because retinocentric update is observed before the gaze shift has terminated. Here, we show that a neural dynamic mechanism for coordinate transformation can also account for retinocentric updating. Our model postulates an extended mechanism of reference frame transformation that is based on bidirectional mapping between a retinocentric and a bodycentered representation and that enables transforming multiple object locations in parallel. The dynamic coupling between the two reference frames generates a shift of the retinocentric representation for every gaze change. We account for the predictive nature of the observed remapping activity by using the same kind of neural mechanism to generate an internal representation of gaze direction that is predictively updated based on corollary discharge signals. We provide evidence for the model by accounting for a series of behavioral and neural experimental observations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neural mechanism for coordinate transformation predicts pre-saccadic remapping

Schneegans

Schöner

2012

Biol Cybern

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“…To allow lateral (or alternatively feedback) interactions between the maps Xb PC and Xb CD , both must encode space in the same coordinate system. Thus, the corollary discharge must implicitly encode eye position information, as motivated by an observation of Cassanello and Ferrera (2007). For simplicity, we use the same eye position signal (Xe PC ) to modulate corollary discharge from MD (and SC) with eye position.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It encodes eye displacement (i.e., retinotopic position of the saccade target) and is active around saccade onset. The CD is probably routed via the frontal eye field (FEF) where it is subject to an eye position gain field (Cassanello and Ferrera, 2007), which we assume to be also driven by the proprioceptive signal. This implicit eye position information in the CD signal is required to allow a combination of eye in the orbit with eye displacement information by lateral interactions as will be explained in more detail later.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Computational Model for the Influence of Corollary Discharge and Proprioception on the Perisaccadic Mislocalization of Briefly Presented Stimuli in Complete Darkness

Ziesche¹,

Hamker²

2011

J. Neurosci.

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Spatial perception, the localization of stimuli in space, can rely on visual reference stimuli or on egocentric factors such as a stimulus position relative to eye gaze. In total darkness, only an egocentric reference frame provides sufficient information. When stimuli are briefly flashed around saccades, the localization error reveals potential mechanisms of updating such reference frames as described in several theories and computational models. Recent novel experimental evidence, however, showed that the maximum amount of mislocalization does not scale linearly with saccade amplitude but rather stays below 13°even for long saccades, which is different from predicted by present models. We proposeanewmodelofperisaccadicmislocalizationincompletedarknesstoaccountforthisobservation.Accordingtothismodel,mislocalizationarises not on the motor side by comparing a retinal position signal with an extraretinal eye position related signal but by updating stimulus position in visual areas through a combination of proprioceptive eye position and corollary discharge. Simulations with realistic input signals and temporal dynamics show that both signals together are used for spatial updating and in turn bring about perisaccadic mislocalization.

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“…Eye position gain field modulations of visual signals have been found in the parietal cortex (Andersen and Mountcastle, 1983;Andersen et al, 1985;Galletti et al, 1993;Brotchie et al, 1995;Bremmer et al, 1998;Snyder et al, 1998), the premotor cortex (Schlag et al, 1992;Graziano et al, 1997;Mushiake et al, 1997;Graziano and Gross, 1998), and the frontal eye field (Balan and Ferrera, 2003;Cassanello and Ferrera, 2007). These structures can principally deliver information about eye position.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Position Effects in Oculomotor Plasticity and Visual Localization

Zimmermann

Lappe²

2011

J. Neurosci.

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For visual localization to remain accurate across changes of gaze, a signal representing the position of the eye in the orbita is needed to code spatial locations in a reference frame that is independent of retinal displacements. Here we report evidence that the localization of visual objects in space is coded in an extraretinal reference frame. In human subjects, we used outward saccadic adaptation, which can be induced artificially by a systematic displacement of the saccade target. This form of oculomotor plasticity is accompanied by changes in spatial perception, thus highlighting the relevance of saccade metrics for visual localization. We tested the reference frame of outward adaptation for reactive and scanning saccades and visual localization. For scanning saccades, adaptation magnitude was drastically reduced at positions distant from the adapted eye position. Changes in visual localization showed a very similar modulation of eye position. These results suggest that scanning saccade adaptation is encoded in a nonretinotopic reference frame. Eye position effects for reactive saccade adaptation were smaller, and the induced mislocalization did not vary significantly between eye positions. The different modulation of reactive and scanning saccade adaptation supports the idea that oculomotor plasticity can occur at multiple sites in the brain. The findings are also consistent with previous evidence for a stronger influence of scanning saccade adaptation on the visual localization of objects in space.

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Computing vector differences using a gain field‐like mechanism in monkey frontal eye field

Cited by 45 publications

References 49 publications

A neural mechanism for coordinate transformation predicts pre-saccadic remapping

A neural mechanism for coordinate transformation predicts pre-saccadic remapping

A Computational Model for the Influence of Corollary Discharge and Proprioception on the Perisaccadic Mislocalization of Briefly Presented Stimuli in Complete Darkness

Eye Position Effects in Oculomotor Plasticity and Visual Localization

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