Computing Clear Day Solar Radiation Spectra for the Terrestrial Ecological Environment

McCullough, Edwin C.; Porter, Warren P.

doi:10.2307/1933806

Cited by 118 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Thermal environments change dramatically with altitude (McCullough and Porter, 1971). In response, many lizards (Hertz and Huey, 1981)-including the agamids presently under consideration (Hertz and Nevo, 1981)-show striking altitudinal variation in their use of thermoregulatory behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homage to Santa Anita: Thermal Sensitivity of Sprint Speed in Agamid Lizards

1983

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Ectotherms can compensate for geographical and temporal changes in the thermal environment in several ways: by behavioral regulation, by physiological acclimatization, and by genetic differentiation among populations. Most lizards (Bogert, 1949;Huey, 1982a) compensate by using fast-acting behavioral shifts (e.g., changes in time of activity and in basking activity), and many species also show supplementary (and slower) acclimatory responses (Corn, 1971;Spellerberg, 1972;Hertz, 1981). Whether closely related lizards living in thermally distinctive environments also show genetic adaptation in thermal physiology (Hertz et aI., 1979) has frequently been debated-often in the pages of this journal. Two competing views have emerged over the last three decades.(i) The "static" view, based largely on studies of desert lizards (Bogert, 1949; see also Ushakov, 1964;Brown and Feldmeth, 1971;Hutchison, 1976), emphasizes that thermal physiology is evolutionarily conservative and thus relatively insensitive to directional selection. This view is derived from the empirical generalization that aspects of thermal physiology of lizards typically show little differentiation within or among closely related taxa from climatically distinctive habitats. Because these taxa effectively adjust their thermoregulatory behaviors to local environmental conditions, geographic variation in body temperatures during activity-and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homage to Santa Anita: Thermal Sensitivity of Sprint Speed in Agamid Lizards

1983

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“…This grid was subsampled at 2 m intervals to produce a smaller database (1806 points) for sensitivity analyses. (McCullough & Porter 1971), and requires climate maximum and minimum data for arbitrary time intervals, e.g. monthly, weekly or daily, and physical properties of the soil as major input variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the fate of a living fossil: how will global warming affect sex determination and hatching phenology in tuatara?

et al. 2008

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How will climate change affect species' reproduction and subsequent survival? In many egg-laying reptiles, the sex of offspring is determined by the temperature experienced during a critical period of embryonic development (temperature-dependent sex determination, TSD). Increasing air temperatures are likely to skew offspring sex ratios in the absence of evolutionary or plastic adaptation, hence we urgently require means for predicting the future distributions of species with TSD. Here we develop a mechanistic model that demonstrates how climate, soil and topography interact with physiology and nesting behaviour to determine sex ratios of tuatara, cold-climate reptiles from New Zealand with an unusual developmental biology. Under extreme regional climate change, all-male clutches would hatch at 100% of current nest sites of the rarest species, Sphenodon guntheri, by the mid-2080s. We show that tuatara could behaviourally compensate for the male-biasing effects of warmer air temperatures by nesting later in the season or selecting shaded nest sites. Later nesting is, however, an unlikely response to global warming, as many oviparous species are nesting earlier as the climate warms. Our approach allows the assessment of the thermal suitability of current reserves and future translocation sites for tuatara, and can be readily modified to predict climatic impacts on any species with TSD.

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“…For biophysical modelling of heat exchange, many of these solutions were pioneered by Porter and colleagues (Grant and Porter, 1992;McCullough and Porter, 1971;Porter, 1989;Porter et al, 2000;Porter and Mitchell, 2006;Porter et al, 1973;Porter et al, 2002). For example, weather-station records of temperature, wind speed and humidity are made 1-2m above the ground (specifically to minimize microclimatic effects!).…”

Section: Data Requirements Of Mechanistic Niche Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics meets the ecological niche: the importance of temporal data resolution

Kearney

Matzelle

Helmuth

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

111

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SUMMARY The emerging field of mechanistic niche modelling aims to link the functional traits of organisms to their environments to predict survival, reproduction, distribution and abundance. This approach has great potential to increase our understanding of the impacts of environmental change on individuals, populations and communities by providing functional connections between physiological and ecological response to increasingly available spatial environmental data. By their nature, such mechanistic models are more data intensive in comparison with the more widely applied correlative approaches but can potentially provide more spatially and temporally explicit predictions, which are often needed by decision makers. A poorly explored issue in this context is the appropriate level of temporal resolution of input data required for these models, and specifically the error in predictions that can be incurred through the use of temporally averaged data. Here, we review how biomechanical principles from heat-transfer and metabolic theory are currently being used as foundations for mechanistic niche models and consider the consequences of different temporal resolutions of environmental data for modelling the niche of a behaviourally thermoregulating terrestrial lizard. We show that fine-scale temporal resolution (daily) data can be crucial for unbiased inference of climatic impacts on survival, growth and reproduction. This is especially so for species with little capacity for behavioural buffering, because of behavioural or habitat constraints, and for detecting temporal trends. However, coarser-resolution data (long-term monthly averages) can be appropriate for mechanistic studies of climatic constraints on distribution and abundance limits in thermoregulating species at broad spatial scales.

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Computing Clear Day Solar Radiation Spectra for the Terrestrial Ecological Environment

Cited by 118 publications

References 10 publications

Homage to Santa Anita: Thermal Sensitivity of Sprint Speed in Agamid Lizards

Homage to Santa Anita: Thermal Sensitivity of Sprint Speed in Agamid Lizards

Predicting the fate of a living fossil: how will global warming affect sex determination and hatching phenology in tuatara?

Biomechanics meets the ecological niche: the importance of temporal data resolution

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