Computertomografie in der Pferdezahnheilkunde – ein Überblick

Strauch, Saskia; Schwarzer, Julia; Kau, Silvio

doi:10.1055/a-0671-8580

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Domanska-Kruppa et al ( 15 ) used a custom made cephalostat to guarantee the best possible standardization of head position during acquisition of lateral 2D cephalograms in foals. We recently reported and show in the present study how the head position of horses can be kept as standardized as possible considering technical and safety aspects during standing head CT scans ( 29 ). In future studies it may be possible to implement a cephalostat for safe use during head CT in standing sedated horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A multislice helical Siemens Somatom Sensation 16 or Somatom Sensation Open CT scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany) was used as a sliding gantry with the horses standing. Horses were sedated with 0.01 mg * kg −1 detomidine hydrochloride (Vetoquinol, Ismaning, Germany) and positioned and fixed for standing head CT examination as described by ( 29 ). Laser guided orthogonal object orientation and height adjustment of both the examination-stand and underlying carbon fiber table had been used to ensure positioning of the head as standardized as possible ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Domanska-Kruppa et al ( 15 ) just recently introduced conventional two-dimensional (2D) x-ray based cephalometry to investigate class II malocclusion and IIA using distinct cephalometric landmarks in Warmblood foals. Current advances of head CT in standing sedated horses ( 29 – 31 ) may allow for methodical standardization as well as single tooth measurements and will make 3D cephalometry clinically applicable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computed Tomography (CT)-Assisted 3D Cephalometry in Horses: Interincisal Angulation of Clinical Crowns

2020

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The angle encompassed between opposing incisors in horses is assumed to decline with age. Previous studies merely consider the overall profile view of clinical crowns presuming a generalized angle, neglecting potential tooth position-dependent differences. Cephalometric measurements from 3D computed tomographic thick-slab reconstructions of single incisors within a global reference frame were used to determine clinical crown interincisal angulation (IIA) of 48 horses. Based on predefined dentoalveolar landmarks, IIA was defined as the angle enclosed by the respective labial axis of the clinical crown (LACC). A measurement repeatability analysis was conducted including a comparison of third incisor teeth IIA with data obtained by cephalometric implementation of previously described landmarks for third incisor teeth (lingual/palatal border). The age-related angle course and differences between tooth positions were investigated considering LACCs of permanent incisors. Determining IIA by LACCs exhibited a high level of reproducibility applying for all tooth positions (mean coefficient of variation = 0.65 %; mean SD ± 0.89°). The comparison method for third incisor teeth revealed two times higher mean dispersion of repeated measurements, P = 0.017. A non-linear model slightly increased predictability of angular changes over time as against linearity assumption. The angle decline was more distinctive in younger horses and appears to approach a final value in older ones. Third incisor teeth exhibited significantly higher angle decline compared to first and second incisor teeth, P < 0.0001. According to the results, age determination of horses using clinical crown IIA is not recommended. Rather, 3D cephalometry may provide a promising tool to determine interdental and dentofacial angles of distinct tooth positions in health and disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computed Tomography (CT)-Assisted 3D Cephalometry in Horses: Interincisal Angulation of Clinical Crowns

2020

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“…These data further indicate the limitations of high‐resolution radiographs and are supported by the low level of agreement between the radiographic and µCT evaluations found by Bowker's test, suggesting a need to adapt radiographic protocols for an efficient and practical detection of early radiological changes related to EOTRH. With standing CT facilities becoming more and more available, 19,20 it is increasingly feasible to evaluate early or suspected cases of EOTRH tomographically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early incisor lesions and Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis: Reliability of radiographic findings

Albers

Dullin

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background In clinical practice, early diagnosis of Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) and other resorptive incisor diseases is difficult to achieve. The radiographic appearance of subtle pathological changes has not been described in detail and might be confused with age‐related changes. Objectives The study was performed to define typical radiographic signs of early incisor lesions and to evaluate the reliability of the radiographic findings. Study design Descriptive and comparative study using post mortem clinical, radiographic, macroscopic and µCT examination. Methods The incisor region of 20 cadaveric horse heads, divided into three different age groups, was examined visually and by palpation. Intraoral radiographs were taken. After extraction, each incisor was macroscopically evaluated. Micro‐computed tomography (µCT) scans were obtained. These scans were processed with Scry (v6.0, Kuchel & Sautter GbR) to obtain surface meshes which then were transferred to Meshlab (ISTI‐CNR, version 2016.12). Attached tissues were virtually removed and surface curvature was computed to visualise and evaluate the quantity of unevenness (roughness) of the teeth's surface. Scoring systems for each diagnostic modality were developed. Scores were compared to describe and evaluate the radiographic appearance of early incisor lesions. Results The prevalence and severity of incisor lesions increased with age. Early, subtle lesions develop on the palatal/lingual side of incisors. While radiographically detected lesions were confirmed macroscopically and on the µCT scans, numerous teeth which were radiographically classified as healthy displayed lesions by macroscopic inspection (13.7%) and µCT analysis (58.1%). Main limitations Cadavers were studied and dental history was unknown. Conclusions The detection of early and subtle incisor lesions indicating first signs of EOTRH on dorsoventral intraoral radiographs is limited due to the typical localisation of the lesions on the palatal/lingual side of the incisors.

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“…Standing computed tomography (CT) of the head using a big bore sliding gantry (Somatom Sensation Open; Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany) was performed as previously described [ 37 , 38 ]. The radiological assessment, using Syngo imaging software (Siemens Healthcare), comprised three-dimensional volume rendering, multiplanar reconstructions, and orthogonal reconstructions.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The facultative human oral pathogen Prevotella histicola in equine cheek tooth apical/ periapical infection: a case report

et al. 2021

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Background Prevotella histicola is a facultative oral pathogen that under certain conditions causes pathologies such as caries and periodontitis in humans. Prevotella spp. also colonize the oral cavity of horses and can cause disease, but P. histicola has not yet been identified. Case presentation A 12-year-old Tinker mare was referred to the clinic for persistent, malodorous purulent nasal discharge and quidding. Conservative antibiotic (penicillin), antiphlogistic (meloxicam), and mucolytic (dembrexine-hydrochloride) treatment prior to referral was unsuccessful and symptoms worsened. Oral examination, radiography, sino-/ rhinoscopy, and standing computed tomography revealed severe apical/ periapical infection of the upper cheek tooth 209 with accompanying unilateral sinonasal inflammation and conchal necrosis. The tooth exhibited extensive subocclusal mesial infundibular cemental hypoplasia and caries, and an occlusal fissure fracture. After mechanical debridement and thermoplastic resin filling of the spacious subocclusal carious infundibular lesion, the tooth was extracted intraorally. The sinusitis and conchal necrosis were treated transendoscopically. Selective bacteriological swab cultures of affected tooth roots and subsequent matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry showed an infection with the obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium P. histicola. Surgical intervention and adapted antibiotic therapy led to normal healing without complications. Conclusions This study provides the first documented case of dental infection in a horse caused by P. histicola at once indicating necessity of more sufficient microbiological diagnostics and targeted antibiotic treatment in equine dental practice. This finding is also conducive to understand species-specific Prevotella diversity and cross-species distribution.

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Computertomografie in der Pferdezahnheilkunde – ein Überblick

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Computed Tomography (CT)-Assisted 3D Cephalometry in Horses: Interincisal Angulation of Clinical Crowns

Computed Tomography (CT)-Assisted 3D Cephalometry in Horses: Interincisal Angulation of Clinical Crowns

Early incisor lesions and Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis: Reliability of radiographic findings

The facultative human oral pathogen Prevotella histicola in equine cheek tooth apical/ periapical infection: a case report

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