Computerized analysis of video fluorescein imaging (VFI) of the skin

Abstract

Video fluorescein imaging (VFI) is a new technique to continuously follow the development of fluorescence in the skin, i.e. blood inflow and perfusion, after intravenous injection of sodium fluorescein. The method is supplementary to other microcirculatory techniques for evaluation of peripheral arterial occlusive disease, particularly in critical ischaemia. In the present article we describe a totally computerized digital imaging processing system for evaluation and present results from a comparison between the evaluations of the appearance and development of the fluorescence in the sole of the foot using the computerized and the previously used manual techniques. With the computerized system the images are stored and correlated with the start of the injection. Regions of interest are then marked and a mean value of fluorescence intensity is calculated for each image. Using this computerized system the time required for evaluation has been shortened to about 10 min. The results of the comparison between the manual and computerized evaluations of appearance times showed that a significant correlation existed in all examined parts of the feet between the two techniques. The methods gave approximately the same results in regions with fluorescence appearance times between 20 and 50 s. With longer appearance times than approximately 50 s a systematic difference between the two techniques seemed to exist. In this interval shorter appearance times were measured with the computerized technique than with the manual technique. However, the clinical information with regard to prognosis would be relatively unchanged when the new computerized assessment technique and a new cut-off level for the appearance time are used. Also, regarding the development of fluorescence after the appearance time, expressed by the slope, a significant correlation was found between the manual and the computerized evaluation.

The use of fluorescein‐enhanced quantitative light‐induced fluorescence to monitor de‐ and re‐mineralization of in vitro root caries

“…Fluorescein has been shown to be easily removed from dentine using water and does not demonstrate ionic bonding (van der Veen et al, 1996). Fluorescein has been used in several medical applications, including plaque detection (Sagel et al, 2000), blood flow monitoring (Lund, Jogestrand & Kolegard, 2000), and extensively in ophthalmology (Rosen, 2001;Shaikh & Blumenkranz, 2001). It can be safely injected intravenously and ingested orally, typically in a capsule form (Watson & Rosen, 1990) with few recorded side effects.…”

Diagnosis of Early Dental Caries with Dye-Enhancing Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF)

“…Decalcified enamel was darker than normal enamel, and decalcified enamel covered with fluorescein was lighter than normal enamel (C : control side, E : experimental side). [31][32][33] . 또한 혈관 내로 주입하거나 구강 내로 섭취할 시에 안 전하고 독성이 없어 부작용이 거의 없다.…”