Computerised morphometric study of the paraurethral tissue in young and elderly women

Verelst, Margareta; Maltau, Jan Martin; Ørbo, Anne

doi:10.1002/nau.10089

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Is this feature a result of degeneration after vaginal delivery? In fact, Verelst et al [13] measured the difference in volume of the perineal tissue between nulliparous and multiparous women. However, in the majority of the present specimens including those from five nulliparous women, the PM was specialized to provide a posterolateral fibrous skeleton for the vagina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female perineal membrane: a study using pelvic floor semiserial sections from elderly nulliparous and multiparous women

Katô

Matsubara

Murakami³

et al. 2008

Int Urogynecol J

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To describe the architecture and topohistology of the female perineal structures, especially the perineal membrane (PM), we examined frontal sections (one side) and horizontal or transverse sections (another side) of 15 bisectioned pelvic floors. The PM, notably comprising elastic fibers, extended mediolaterally or transversely on the immediately inferior side of the rhabdosphincter area. More posteriorly, the elastic fibers more tilted along the long axis of the vagina and became lining the lateral vaginal wall as a fibrous skeleton. The compressor urethrae and urethrovaginal sphincter were embedded in and interdigitated with the PM. The elastic fiber architecture of the PM was similar to the rectovaginal septum. We hypothesize that the PM plays a role of a shock-absorber at the interface between the levator ani and distalmost vagina. A standard diagram of the female perineal structures is necessary to be revised.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female perineal membrane: a study using pelvic floor semiserial sections from elderly nulliparous and multiparous women

Katô

Matsubara

Murakami³

et al. 2008

Int Urogynecol J

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“…Few studies have focused on the normal aspects of the female rat urethra (Russell et al, 1996; Verelst et al, 2002; Mondet et al, 2003; Praud et al, 2003). However, these studies have demonstrated that the rat and human share much homology in gross anatomy, histology, and muscle fiber type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striated muscle and nerve fascicle distribution in the female raturethral sphincter

Kim

Kerns

Liu

et al. 2007

The Anatomical Record

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The anatomical basis for urinary continence depends on a thorough understanding of the tissues in the urethra. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphology and neuroanatomy of urethral striated muscle, called the rhabdosphincter or external urethral sphincter, in normal female rats. Urethras from 12 female rats were dissected from the bladder, fixed, embedded in paraffin or epon, and sectioned every 1 mm. Striated muscle content was taken as the ratio of the striated muscle area to net urethral area. Nerve fascicles containing myelinated axons near the rhabdosphincter were counted and mapped. Both striated muscle content and number of nerve fascicles peak in the proximal third of the urethra, with a secondary peak at the distal end of the urethra. This secondary peak may correspond to an analog of the combined compressor urethrae/urethrovaginal sphincter located in the distal urethra in human. The rhabdosphincter has a variable distribution along the length of the urethra. In the middle and distal thirds of the urethra, the dorsal striated muscle fibers between the urethra and vagina become more sparse. The majority of nerve fascicles are contained in the lateral quadrants of the urethra, similar to the lateral distribution of somatic nerves in humans. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the normal distribution of the striated musculature and neuroanatomy in the urethra, with similarities to the human. It thus supports and extends the usefulness of the rat as an experimental model for studying urinary incontinence. Anat Rec 290: 145-154, 2007. 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…18 Connective tissue in the paraurethral area also tends to increase in postmenopausal women. 19 As in the vagina, a pattern of higher pH may be seen in the distal and proximal urethra of postmenopausal women. 20…”

Section: Changes In Vaginal and Urethral Physiologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Efficacy and tolerability of local estrogen therapy for urogenital atrophy

Archer¹

2010

Menopause

131

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Computerised morphometric study of the paraurethral tissue in young and elderly women

Abstract: The present study shows that the paraurethral area is built of heterogeneous tissue with small changes in its composition along the course of urethra. Increase in connective tissue was found to be the dominating change in the process of ageing.

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Female perineal membrane: a study using pelvic floor semiserial sections from elderly nulliparous and multiparous women

Female perineal membrane: a study using pelvic floor semiserial sections from elderly nulliparous and multiparous women

Striated muscle and nerve fascicle distribution in the female raturethral sphincter

Efficacy and tolerability of local estrogen therapy for urogenital atrophy

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