Computer Vision Syndrome: An Ophthalmic Pathology of the Modern Era

Pavel, Irina Andreea; Bogdănici, Camelia Margareta; Donica, Vlad Constantin; Anton, Nicoleta; Savu, Bogdan; Chiriac, Cristina Petronela; Pavel, Cristian Dan; Salavastru, Silvia Cristina

doi:10.3390/medicina59020412

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), or digital eye strain, is a set of visual and ocular symptoms that affect people who use electronic devices (ED) for extended periods [ 1 ]. These devices include computers, laptops, tablets, e-readers, and smartphones [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

León-Figueroa,

Barboza,

Siddiq

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Background Computer vision syndrome has become a significant public health problem, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study aims to identify the prevalence of computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted using the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase up to February 22, 2023, using the search terms "Computer Vision Syndrome" and "COVID-19". Three authors independently performed study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction, and the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used to evaluate study quality. Heterogeneity was assessed using the statistical test I2, and the R version 4.2.3 program was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 192 studies were retrieved, of which 18 were included in the final meta-analysis. The total sample included 10,337 participants from 12 countries. The combined prevalence of computer vision syndrome was 74% (95% CI: 66, 81). Subgroup analysis based on country revealed a higher prevalence of computer vision syndrome in Pakistan (99%, 95% CI: 97, 100) and a lower prevalence in Turkey (48%, 95% CI: 44, 52). In addition, subgroup analysis based on study subjects showed a prevalence of 82% (95% CI: 74, 89) for computer vision syndrome in non-students and 70% (95% CI: 60, 80) among students. Conclusion According to the study, 74% of the participants experienced computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given this finding, it is essential to implement preventive and therapeutic measures to reduce the risk of developing computer vision syndrome and improve the quality of life of those affected. Trial registration The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the international registry of systematic reviews, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), with registration number CRD42022345965.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the past two decades, CVS has become a highly relevant health problem that affects the entire population [ 1 ]. A systematic review and meta-analysis study found that the pooled prevalence of CVS is 66% [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

León-Figueroa,

Barboza,

Siddiq

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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“…Those with more severe symptoms or higher visual demands may even experience difficulty concentrating or headaches. The symptoms of binocular vision dysfunction above are very similar to CVS and dry eye 5 , 6 ; thus, the mutual influence among CVS, dry eye, and binocular visual functions has also made the diagnostic process more complex in many clinical cases 16 – 20 . High-tech engineers may experience more severe dry eye and CVS symptoms due to prolonged and specific computer use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The status of binocular visual functions among Taiwan high-tech industry engineers and its correlation with computer vision symptom

Tsai,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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To analyze the status of binocular visual functions, the relationship between binocular visual function and computer vision-related symptoms in the high-tech industry group. The study sample was comprised of 33 participants aged between 20 and 40 years of age. After completing basic information and the Computer Vision Symptom Scale (CVSS-17) questionnaire, the participants underwent a comprehensive examination of binocular visual function. All data were statistically analyzed with SPSS V26.0 software. The value of the binocular vision function of the Taiwan high-tech industry group was significantly different compared with the Scheiman and Morgan standard value. Study subjects were generally found to exhibit larger exophoric at distance, which in turn might lead to a lower ability to maintain binocular fusion to a single image, or recover from fusional disruption at distance. Subjects also experienced accommodation and convergence problems at near at the same time. Age, gender, and refractive errors had no significant impact on CVSS-17 scores, only the duration of computer usage showed a significant effect, particularly for internal symptom factor (ISF) dimensions. In addition, the interaction between the ISF and external symptom factor resulted in more severe visual symptoms. Long-term use of electronic devices may lead to an imbalance in binocular vision function, thereby increasing or exacerbating visual symptoms. If the use of electronic devices is an unchangeable trend, interventions in prescription, visual training or the visual design of electronic products become worthwhile topics for development.

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“…Those with more severe symptoms or higher visual demands may even experience di culty concentrating or headaches. The symptoms of binocular vision dysfunction above are very similar to CVS and dry eye [5][6] ; thus, the mutual in uence among CVS, dry eye, and binocular visual functions has also made the diagnostic process more complex in many clinical cases [19][20] . High-tech engineers may experience more severe dry eye and CVS symptoms due to prolonged and speci c computer use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Binocular Vision and CVSS-17 Questionnaire in Taiwan High-Tech Industry Engineers

Tsai

Chen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Purpose To analyze the relationship between binocular visual function and visual-related symptoms in the high-tech industry group. Methods The study sample was comprised of 33 participants aged between 20 and 40 years. After completing basic information and the CVSS-17 questionnaire, the participants underwent a comprehensive examination of binocular visual function. All data were statistically analyzed with SPSS V26.0 software. Results The value of the binocular vision function of the Taiwan high-tech industry group was significantly different compared with the Scheiman & Morgan standard value. Similar results were shown in the Taiwan binocular visual function standard study, which was conducted during 2020. Study subjects were generally found to exhibit larger exophoric at distance, which in turn might lead to a lower ability to maintain binocular fusion to a single image, or recover from fusional disruption at distance. Subjects also experienced accommodation and convergence problems at near at the same time. Only the daily computer use time had a significant impact on the CVSS17 scores, particularly for internal symptom factor (ISF) dimensions. The interaction between the ISF and external symptom factor (ESF) resulted in more severe visual symptoms in patients. Conclusion No research has demonstrated a relationship between dry eye and computer vision syndrome in high-tech industry professionals, specifically regarding binocular vision. This lack of evidence serves as the primary motivation for conducting this study.

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Computer Vision Syndrome: An Ophthalmic Pathology of the Modern Era

Cited by 18 publications

References 62 publications

Prevalence of computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The status of binocular visual functions among Taiwan high-tech industry engineers and its correlation with computer vision symptom

Correlation between Binocular Vision and CVSS-17 Questionnaire in Taiwan High-Tech Industry Engineers

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