Computer simulations of self-assembly of anisotropic colloids

Abstract

Computer simulations have played a significant role in understanding the physics of colloidal self-assembly, interpreting experimental observations, and predicting novel mesoscopic and crystlline structures. Recent advances in computer simulations of colloidal self-assembly driven by anisotropic or orientation-dependent inter-particle interactions are highlighted in this review. These interactions are broadly classified into two classes: entropic and enthalpic interactions. They mainly arise due to shape anisotropy, surface heterogeneity, compositional heterogeneity, external field, interfaces and confinements. Key challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed.

Amphiphilic Janus Particles Confined in Symmetrical and Janus-Like Slits

“…Interactions between the JPs depend on their spatial separation and orientation, resulting in a great variety of self-assembly scenarios. Considerable research effort has been devoted to studying the self-assembly of spherical Janus particles that interact via different potentials. − , …”

“…The behavior of JPs can be also manipulated by external magnetic or electric fields, and interfaces the presence of different solvents or isotropic nanoparticles. − Another method for the design of unique structures is also to assemble JPs under confinement. This can be realized by the adsorption of JPs on solid surfaces or in different pores. ,,− Recent advances in computer simulations of colloidal self-assembly driven by anisotropic or orientation-dependent interparticle interactions are highlighted in the comprehensive review …”

“…Considerable research effort has been devoted to studying the self-assembly of spherical Janus particles that interact via different potentials. [5][6][7][8][9][10]16 The interactions can be modeled using an effective anisotropic potential involving the orientation vectors defined by the symmetry axis of the spheres. 6 In other models, JPs are treated as a kind of patchy particles decorated with domains on the surfaces exerting attractive forces.…”

“…8,9,22−36 Recent advances in computer simulations of colloidal self-assembly driven by anisotropic or orientation-dependent interparticle interactions are highlighted in the comprehensive review. 16 A two-dimensional system involving JPs can be considered as a monolayer formed on an inert substrate. Monte Carlo simulations of Janus disks have shown how the assembly and phase transitions depend on the strength of interaction between different patches.…”

Aggregation-Induced Emission Enabled Visualization of Anisotropic Seed Emulsion Polymerization to Synthesize Monodisperse Polymer Hemispheres

“…Combining with other means in the polymerization process, the preparation of anisotropic microspheres with special morphologies will be realized . In fact, the bottom-up fabrication of an asymmetric microstructure can be realized through molecular design and synthesis, supramolecular assembly, and block copolymer preparation, which can be transformed into anisotropic aggregates with complex morphologies and hierarchies and extensive functions. − Anisotropic polymer microspheres are also of broad interest as theoretical research models such as surface activity, phase separation, self-assembly, and magnetic fluids, as well as new materials to develop practical applications in optics, life sciences, medicine, and industrial production . These applications are inseparable from ideal morphology with excellent precision in size and shape, which may allow us to tune the assembly by regulating and controlling the colloidal building blocks.…”