Computer simulation of the skin reflectance spectra

Meglinski, Igor; Matcher, Stephen J.

doi:10.1016/s0169-2607(02)00099-8

Cited by 150 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Meglinski and Matcher's program 47,69 involved a seven layered skin model to simulate the reflectance spectrum of human skin, as measured using a fiber optic probe setup. Path lengths were calculated according to Eq.…”

Section: Monte Carlo Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the validity of this approximation is limited in such cases. 34,43,[45][46][47] These drawbacks have limited the application of the diffusion approximation to investigations of PWS skin. For example, Verkruysse et al 45 reported that data obtained from their twolayered skin model could be obtained quickly but compared poorly to measured spectra, resulting in an overestimation of blood volume fraction, oxygenation levels and melanin concentration in port wine stain (PWS) skin.…”

Section: Diffusion Approximationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating light transport through skin for color prediction of port wine stain lesions: a review

2012

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Abstract. A survey of the literature is presented regarding the simulation of port wine stain (PWS) skin color. Knowledge of PWS features, such as the depths and diameters of affected vessels, is essential for informing laser treatment. These may be determined through the inverse application of a skin model. The techniques which have been applied to achieve this are analyzed in detail. Radiative transfer (RT) is found to be the preferred method of simulation. By far the most common approximations to RT are the diffusion approximations, which have been applied successfully in the past and Monte Carlo techniques, which are now the methods of choice. As the requirements for improvement of laser treatment on an individual basis continues, the needs for further work towards accurate estimations of individual optical coefficients and robust, flexible simulation techniques are identified.

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Section: Monte Carlo Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diffusion Approximationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating light transport through skin for color prediction of port wine stain lesions: a review

2012

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“…The refractive index of skin tissue and haemoglobin is assumed to be constant. These values were obtained from literature 44,45,46 and a curve fitting model applied to interpolate the values for each wavelength. An average value of these for mathematical modelling is detailed in Table 1.…”

Section: System Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Average approximate absorption (μ a ) and scattering (μ s ) coefficients in cm -1 for various chromophores in human skin tissue for the red and green wavelength region. The values were averaged by applying an interpolation curve to the existing data from literature 44,45,46 . Note that oxygenation of the RBC has no effect on its scattering properties.…”

Section: System Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Diffuse reflection imaging of sub-epidermal tissue haematocrit using a simple RGB camera</title>

et al. 2007

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This paper describes the design and evaluation of a novel easy to use, tissue viability imaging system (TiVi). The system is based on the methods of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and polarization spectroscopy. The technique has been developed as an alternative to current imaging technology in the area of microcirculation imaging, most notably optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI). The system is based on standard digital camera technology, and is sensitive to red blood cells (RBCs) in the microcirculation. Lack of clinical acceptance of both OCT and LDPI fuels the need for an objective, simple, reproducible and portable imaging method that can provide accurate measurements related to stimulus vasoactivity in the microvasculature. The limitations of these technologies are discussed in this paper. Uses of the Tissue Viability system include skin care products, drug development, and assessment spatial and temporal aspects of vasodilation (erythema) and vasoconstriction (blanching).

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“…Values of these optical properties which are used for simulations are taken from the literature [41][42][43]. Our previous work [44] shows that simulation of the theory over the physiological RBC concentration (0%-4%) shows a linear relationship between proposed variable TiVi index and RBC f , and also shows insensitivity to oxygenation between physiological range 60% -100%, while also showing only minimal differences in the relationship when the optical properties are changed by ±5%.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Real time diffuse reflectance polarisation spectroscopy imaging to evaluate skin microcirculation

O’Doherty

Henricson

Nilsson

et al. 2007

Novel Optical Instrumentation for Biomedical Applications III

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This article describes the theoretical development and design of a real-time microcirculation imaging system, an extension from a previously technology developed by our group. The technology utilises polarisation spectroscopy, a technique used in order to selectively gate photons returning from various compartments of human skin tissue, namely from the superficial layers of the epidermis, and the deeper backscattered light from the dermal matrix. A consumer-end digital camcorder captures colour data with three individual CCDs, and a custom designed light source consisting of a 24 LED ring light provides broadband illumination over the 400 nm -700 nm wavelength region. Theory developed leads to an image processing algorithm, the output of which scales linearly with increasing red blood cell (RBC) concentration. Processed images are displayed online in real-time at a rate of 25 frames s -1 , at a frame size of 256 x 256 pixels, and is limited only by computer RAM memory and processing speed. General demonstrations of the technique in vivo display several advantages over similar technology.

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Computer simulation of the skin reflectance spectra

Cited by 150 publications

References 26 publications

Simulating light transport through skin for color prediction of port wine stain lesions: a review

Simulating light transport through skin for color prediction of port wine stain lesions: a review

<title>Diffuse reflection imaging of sub-epidermal tissue haematocrit using a simple RGB camera</title>

Real time diffuse reflectance polarisation spectroscopy imaging to evaluate skin microcirculation

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