Computer Simulation of the Hydrodynamics of Teabag Infusion

Lian, Guoping; Astill, Conrad

doi:10.1205/096030802760309179

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This formulation has been used only recently in food context. Washing of solutes in a packed bed of tea leaf in teabag infusion is studied using this porous medium formulation (Lian & Astill, 2002). Rehydration of tea leaves was studied (Weerts, Lian, & Martin, 2003a;Weerts, Lian, & Martin, 2003b) that included the effect of anisotropy of the microstructure and temperature.…”

Section: Capillary Pressure Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous media approaches to studying simultaneous heat and mass transfer in food processes. I: Problem formulations

Datta¹

2007

Journal of Food Engineering

383

206

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Section: Capillary Pressure Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous media approaches to studying simultaneous heat and mass transfer in food processes. I: Problem formulations

Datta¹

2007

Journal of Food Engineering

383

206

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“…The tea contents were found to be increasing when steeped at ambient temperature (25°C) than that of cold water (4°C). This indicates that swelling and infusion kinetics is dependent on temperature (Jaganyi and Mdletshe 2000;Jaganyi and Ndlovu 2001;Joshi et al 2016;Lian and Astill 2002). It was observed that tea contents were stable at 4°C and unstable at 25°C for 36 h. Another work by Lantano et al (2015) reports the effect of alternative steeping methods on composition, antioxidant property and liquor color of green, black and oolong tea infusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Infusion time for TB ranging from less than 30 s to 2 min is commonly observed, while majority consumers are steeping the TB for less than 2 min. Various agitation behaviors have been also observed in order to speed-up the infusion process, whereas some tea drinkers do not stir the bulk fluid at all (Lian and Astill 2002). Infusion of tea components is treated analogous to dissolution of solid particle in liquid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To understand the diffusion of tea from TB, Lian and Astill (2002) developed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to simulate the process under static (no agitation) and dynamic (mechanically agitated) conditions. It was observed that in case of dynamic infusion, the external agitation resulted in a forced fluid flow through the TB which was much greater than the buoyancy driven natural convection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Swelling and infusion of tea in tea bags

et al. 2017

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The present study deals with swelling and infusion kinetics of tea granules in tea bags. The swelling and infusion kinetics of tea bags differing in tea loading and tea bag shapes were compared with loose tea. Increment in temperature and dipping frequency of tea bag in hot water increased the infusion kinetics of tea bags. Reduction in particle size enhanced the swelling and infusion kinetics of tea in a tea bag. The effects of tea particle size, tea bag dipping rate, loading of tea granules in tea bag and tea bag shapes on infusion kinetics were investigated. Increase in tea loading in tea bags resulted in reduced infusion kinetics. Double chambered tea bag showed the highest swelling (30%) and infusion kinetics (8.30% Gallic acid equivalence) while single chambered tea bags showed the lowest kinetics, amongst the various bags studied. The swelling and infusion kinetics of loose tea was always faster and higher than that of tea bags. It was found that overall effect of percentage filling of tea granules and height of tea bed in a tea bag affects tea infusion kinetics the most. Weibull model was found to be in good agreement with the swelling data.

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“…Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. People living in different regions have a variety of ways to brew tea (3,4). The previous studies with different brands of tea demonstrated that brewing time is important to increase its antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and catechin content (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Camellia sinensis Extract on Proliferation, Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Insulinoma INS-1 Cells

Kaçar¹,

Ersöz²,

SEZEKLER³

et al. 2019

Bezmialem Science

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Objective: Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. C. sinensis consumption may prevent tumor and other diseases. Insulinomas are pancreatic islet cell tumors. In present study, the effects of the extract from C. sinensis were investigated in rat insulinoma INS-1 cells. Methods: C. sinensis leaves were collected in Rize, Turkey. The leaves were brewed in tap water for 20 and 40 minutes at 80°C. INS-1 cells were treated with different doses (1-5 mg/mL) of C. sinensis extract for 24 h. Cell viability, proliferation, death were examined. The malondialdehyde, glutathione and protein carbonyl levels were measured in INS-1 cells given C. sinensis extract. Results: The cell viability and the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunopositive cells decreased, while the percentage of TUNEL positive cells increased in INS-1 cells treated with the extract from C. sinensis according to control group. While malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels in INS-1 cells treated with C. sinensis extract decreased, glutathione levels increased according to control group. Conclusion: The results indicate that the extracts from C. sinensis inhibited proliferation and caused apoptosis in INS-1 cell. C. sinensis may be natural agent for supporting the treatment of pancreatic tumors.

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Computer Simulation of the Hydrodynamics of Teabag Infusion

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Porous media approaches to studying simultaneous heat and mass transfer in food processes. I: Problem formulations

Porous media approaches to studying simultaneous heat and mass transfer in food processes. I: Problem formulations

Swelling and infusion of tea in tea bags

The Effects of Camellia sinensis Extract on Proliferation, Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Insulinoma INS-1 Cells

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