Computer Simulation of Scaffold Degradation

Erkizia, Gaizka; Rainer, Alberto; De‐Juan‐Pardo, Elena M.; Aldazábal, J.

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/252/1/012004

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…We expect to solve the issue of the third dimension in a quite straightforward way, by making use of common slicing software employed for additive manufacturing by digital light processing, which generate (layer-by-layer) black and white masks, similar as the ones used in this study, but starting from complex 3D CAD files without intermediate conversion to.jpeg format 30 . Approaches from other sectors may be also employed towards three-dimensional cellular automata 31,32 and synergies with other stochastic algorithms, such as the Monte Carlo method, may prove interesting for modelling additional phenomena within the organ-on-chip devices 33 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Living Cells Within Microfluidic Systems Using Cellular Automata Models

Hernando

Gómez

Lantada

2019

Sci Rep

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Several computational models, both continuum and discrete, allow for the simulation of collective cell behaviors in connection with challenges linked to disease modeling and understanding. Normally, discrete cell modelling employs quasi-infinite or boundary-less 2D lattices, hence modeling collective cell behaviors in Petri dish-like environments. The advent of lab- and organ-on-a-chip devices proves that the information obtained from 2D cell cultures, upon Petri dishes, differs importantly from the results obtained in more biomimetic micro-fluidic environments, made of interconnected chambers and channels. However, discrete cell modelling within lab- and organ-on-a-chip devices, to our knowledge, is not yet found in the literature, although it may prove useful for designing and optimizing these types of systems. Consequently, in this study we focus on the establishment of a direct connection between the computer-aided designs (CAD) of microfluidic systems, especially labs- and organs-on-chips (and their multi-chamber and multi-channel structures), and the lattices for discrete cell modeling approaches aimed at the simulation of collective cell interactions, whose boundaries are defined directly from the CAD models. We illustrate the proposal using a quite straightforward cellular automata model, apply it to simulating cells with different growth rates, within a selected set of microsystem designs, and validate it by tuning the growth rates with the support of cell culture experiments and by checking the results with a real microfluidic system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Living Cells Within Microfluidic Systems Using Cellular Automata Models

Hernando

Gómez

Lantada

2019

Sci Rep

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“…As regards the numerical method presented, the approach is similar to the developed by Erkizia et al [ 31 ], but with an adjustable parameter (amplification factor) that depends on the experimental results. This parameter allows a better fitting in fewer iterations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that in each iteration, only the boundary elements will be evaluated, which is in line with the enzymatic process (mainly a surface erosion process). In the case of application of the Monte Carlo criterion, a similar approach to that developed by Erkizia et al [ 31 ] is applied. In that work, the normalized influence of the faces and edges of liquid voxels in contact with the liquid was considered to determine the degradation probability.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main disadvantage of this methodology is that it can only be applied in simple geometries [ 30 ]. However, Erkizia et al [ 31 ] proposed a new method, also based on Monte Carlo, which could deal with complex geometries, such as scaffolds. They discretized the initial geometry in voxels and the degree of exposure of each voxel to the liquid was used as the main parameter to drive the degradation (the higher the exposure to the liquid, the higher the degradation probability), obtaining a good agreement with the experimental data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Analysis of the Enzymatic Degradation of Polycaprolactone: Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites and Numerical Method for the Prediction of the Degraded Geometry

et al. 2021

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The degradation rate of polycaprolactone (PCL) is a key issue when using this material in Tissue Engineering or eco-friendly packaging sectors. Although different PCL-based composite materials have been suggested in the literature and extensively tested in terms of processability by material extrusion additive manufacturing, little attention has been paid to the influence of the fillers on the mechanical properties of the material during degradation. This work analyses the possibility of tuning the degradation rate of PCL-based filaments by the introduction of microcrystalline cellulose into the polymer matrix. The enzymatic degradation of the composite and pure PCL materials were compared in terms of mass loss, mechanical properties, morphology and infrared spectra. The results showed an increased degradation rate of the composite material due to the presence of the filler (enhanced interaction with the enzymes). Additionally, a new numerical method for the prediction of the degraded geometry was developed. The method, based on the Monte Carlo Method in an iterative process, adjusts the degradation probability according to the exposure of each discretized element to the degradation media. This probability is also amplified depending on the corresponding experimental mass loss, thus allowing a good fit to the experimental data in relatively few iterations.

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A review on the use of computational methods to characterize, design, and optimize tissue engineering scaffolds, with a potential in 3D printing fabrication

et al. 2018

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The design and fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds is a highly complex process. In order to provide a proper architecture for cells to grow, proliferate, and differentiate to form tissues, scaffolds have to be made with suitable properties. However, the limited structural designs and conventional fabrication techniques severely cripple the improvement of scaffold properties. To overcome these limitations, many researchers have recently adopted computational methods combined with 3D printing techniques as a new approach for scaffold design and fabrication. This approach allows scaffolds to be designed and fabricated with highly complex microstructures and good control and accuracy. Previous works have also shown this approach to be a very useful tool to predict the scaffold properties and to optimize the scaffold designs with a great reduction of experimental iterations. As this approach combining computational methods and 3D printing techniques for scaffold design and fabrication has many advantages over the conventional trial‐and‐error based approach, it is imperative to provide a state‐of‐the‐art review on the topic. To this end, this article reviews the various applications of computational methods in scaffold design and simulation; it also briefly reviews the application of 3D printing techniques to fabricate the computationally designed scaffolds. Finally, the limitations and future trends of this approach are discussed. Overall, this review will enable readers to understand the benefits of using computational methods coupled with 3D printing to design and fabricate scaffolds, and thus help researchers to improve and optimize the scaffold properties for future tissue engineering research. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1329–1351, 2019.

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Computer Simulation of Scaffold Degradation

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Modeling Living Cells Within Microfluidic Systems Using Cellular Automata Models

Modeling Living Cells Within Microfluidic Systems Using Cellular Automata Models

Experimental Analysis of the Enzymatic Degradation of Polycaprolactone: Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites and Numerical Method for the Prediction of the Degraded Geometry

A review on the use of computational methods to characterize, design, and optimize tissue engineering scaffolds, with a potential in 3D printing fabrication

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