Abstract:Computing has impacted almost all aspects of life, making it increasingly important for the next generation to understand how to develop and use software. Yet, a lack of research on how children learn computer science and an already impacted elementary school schedule has meant that very few children have the opportunity to learn computer science prior to high school. This chapter introduces literature on teaching computer programming to elementary and middle school, highlights three studies that span elementa… Show more
“…35 as well as the NHC-pincer complex [Rh(CO){C(NCHPhPCy 2 ) 2 C 2 H 2 }]BF 4 (1992 cm −1 ) 36 and [Rh(CO){C(NCH 2 PPh 2 ) 2 C 6 H 4 }]PF 6 (1995 cm −1 ). 37 Furthermore, the non-chelated NHC/phosphine salts [Rh(CO){C(NMe) 2 C 2 H 2 }(PPh 3 ) 2 ]ClO 4 38 a , b and [Rh(CO){C(NMe) 2 C 2 H 4 }(PPh 3 ) 2 ]ClO 4 38 c have ν CO = 2001 and 2008 cm −1 , respectively. This result is surprising given that perimidine-derived NHC ligands are considered to be more strongly donating than phosphines, imidazolylidene or benzimidazolylidene ligands, 9,10 which should result in a lower stretching frequency.…”
The pro-ligands 1,8-bis(di-R-phosphinomethyl)-2,3-dihydroperimidine (RH2Pm, R = phenyl, cyclohexyl) react with [RhCl(CE)(PPh3)2] (E = O, S) to afford the bimetallic complexes [RhCl(CE)(-RH2Pm)]2 (E = O, S). Upon heating, these species undergo...
“…35 as well as the NHC-pincer complex [Rh(CO){C(NCHPhPCy 2 ) 2 C 2 H 2 }]BF 4 (1992 cm −1 ) 36 and [Rh(CO){C(NCH 2 PPh 2 ) 2 C 6 H 4 }]PF 6 (1995 cm −1 ). 37 Furthermore, the non-chelated NHC/phosphine salts [Rh(CO){C(NMe) 2 C 2 H 2 }(PPh 3 ) 2 ]ClO 4 38 a , b and [Rh(CO){C(NMe) 2 C 2 H 4 }(PPh 3 ) 2 ]ClO 4 38 c have ν CO = 2001 and 2008 cm −1 , respectively. This result is surprising given that perimidine-derived NHC ligands are considered to be more strongly donating than phosphines, imidazolylidene or benzimidazolylidene ligands, 9,10 which should result in a lower stretching frequency.…”
The pro-ligands 1,8-bis(di-R-phosphinomethyl)-2,3-dihydroperimidine (RH2Pm, R = phenyl, cyclohexyl) react with [RhCl(CE)(PPh3)2] (E = O, S) to afford the bimetallic complexes [RhCl(CE)(-RH2Pm)]2 (E = O, S). Upon heating, these species undergo...
“…Since one must put oneself in the position of the turtle. The automatic feedback seems to play a central role in being able to correct errors independently (similar to Harlow et al, 2016). When executing the code, the learners can immediately see whether the turtle moves in the desired way.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Computational thinking generally describes a way of thinking that allows a problem to be described in a way that a computer could solve it (Grover & Pea, 2013;Harlow et al, 2016;Kotsopoulos et al, 2017;Wing, 2006). The term originated with Papert (1980), who developed the Logo programming language as a tool to allow learners to explore abstract mathematical concepts in a concrete way, thereby promoting mathematical learning.…”
Section: Definition and Framework: Computational Thinkingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This does not imply that teaching mathematics is no longer the primary objective, but rather that CT can be valuable as a standalone learning content in addition to a learning medium. Harlow et al (2016) offer preliminary evidence of how children can develop programming skills by drawing Turtle graphics for example. They also point out the potential to learn something through the feedback, for example if the figure drawn does not yet look as desired (ibid.).…”
Section: Ct As a Learning Content: Promoting Ct Through Mathematical ...mentioning
Computational thinking (CT) is becoming increasingly important as a learning content. Subject-integrated approaches aim to develop CT within other subjects like mathematics. The question is how exactly CT can be integrated and learned in mathematics classrooms. In a case study involving 12 sixth-grade learners, CT activities were explored that learners engage in when drawing geometric figures with a visual programming language. The empirical findings indicate differences not only across various CT activities but also within a single CT activity. Subcategories were developed to describe these differences. Implications for further research and classroom practice are discussed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.