Computer Modeling of Musical Intelligence in EMI

Cope, David

doi:10.2307/3680717

Cited by 99 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…For DM, the music (works 3 and 4) consisted of a Mazurka by Cope (1992) in the style of Chopin (unmodified, with a duration of 42 sec); and Tegnér's Ekorrn, a Swedish nursery rhyme (unmodified, with a duration of 19 sec). Works 1 and 2 were modified by CMERS only and were taken from Experiment 1.…”

Section: Musical Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Musical Emotion: A Computational Rule System for Modifying Score and Performance

Livingstone

Muhlberger

Brown³

et al. 2010

Computer Music Journal

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Composers and performers communicate emotional intentions through the control of basic musical features such as pitch, loudness, and articulation. The extent to which emotion can be controlled by software through the systematic manipulation of these features has not been fully examined. To address this, we present CMERS, a Computational Music Emotion Rule System for the real-time control of musical emotion that modifies features at both the score level and the performance level. In Experiment 1, 20 participants continuously rated the perceived emotion of works each modified to express happy, sad, angry, tender, and normal. Intended emotion was identified correctly at 78%, with valence and arousal significantly shifted regardless of the works' original emotions. Existing systems developed for expressive performance, such as Director Musices (DM), focus on modifying features of performance. To study emotion more broadly, CMERS modifies features of both score and performance. In Experiment 2, 18 participants rated music works modified by CMERS and DM to express five emotions. CMERS's intended emotion was correctly identified at 71%, DM at 49%. CMERS achieved significant shifts in valence and arousal, DM in arousal only. These results suggest that features of the score are important for controlling valence. The effects of musical training on emotional identification accuracy are also discussed.

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Section: Musical Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Musical Emotion: A Computational Rule System for Modifying Score and Performance

Livingstone

Muhlberger

Brown³

et al. 2010

Computer Music Journal

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“…One was the melody line of Ekorrn, written in a major mode. The other was a computer-generated piece in a minor mode (henceforth called Mazurka), written in an attempt to portray the musical style of Fréderic Chopin (Cope 1992). The phrase structure with regard to the levels of sub-phrase (level 6), phrase (level 5) and piece (level 4) was marked in each score (shown in Figures 3 and 4), thus meeting the demands of the Phrase Arch rule.…”

Section: Musicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Coloring of Computer-Controlled Music Performances

Bresin

Friberg

2000

Computer Music Journal

118

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“…Listening experiments were used to define the k-value settings on the DM rules for expressing emotions. The music used was a Swedish nursery rhyme and a computergenerated piece in a minor mode written using Cope's [1992] algorithmic composition system in the musical style of Chopin. Six rules were used from DM to generate multiple performances of each piece.…”

Section: Director Musicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of computer systems for expressive music performance

Kirke

Miranda

2009

ACM Comput. Surv.

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We present a survey of research into automated and semiautomated computer systems for expressive performance of music. We will examine the motivation for such systems and then examine the majority of the systems developed over the last 25 years. To highlight some of the possible future directions for new research, the review uses primary terms of reference based on four elements: testing status, expressive representation, polyphonic ability, and performance creativity.

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Computer Modeling of Musical Intelligence in EMI

Cited by 99 publications

References 1 publication

Changing Musical Emotion: A Computational Rule System for Modifying Score and Performance

Changing Musical Emotion: A Computational Rule System for Modifying Score and Performance

Emotional Coloring of Computer-Controlled Music Performances

A survey of computer systems for expressive music performance

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