Computer-Controlled Vibrating Tube Densimeter for Liquid Density Measurement in a Wide Temperature and Pressure Range

Advanced calibration, adjustment, and operation of a density and sound speed analyzer

“…Density is measured using a vibrating tube densimeter. Since the technique was introduced by Kratky et al in 1969 [10] an extensive body of literature covering principles of operation, instrument design, and calibration procedures has been accumulated [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Briefly, the density is derived from the resonant frequency of a sample-filled U-shaped tube as it vibrates perpendicular to its plane in an electromagnetic field.…”

A new and reliable calibration method for vibrating tube densimeters over wide ranges of temperature and pressure

“…Different absolute and relative methods for the experimental determination of density under pressure, based on diverse physical principles, have been used by various authors aiming to improve the accuracy of the data [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Among relative methods the vibrating tube densimetry [1] has been most used both in research and industry due to its precision and easiness of operation.…”

Automated densimetric system: Measurements and uncertainties for compressed fluids

“…The automated measuring systems permit the experimental conditions to be modified and controlled, as well as the data acquisition to be performed with the minimum intervention of the experimentalist, therefore reducing the time and effort involved in the determination of the density, while also preventing measurement errors. In the last few years, there have been several publications about the automatization of the previous Anton Paar densimeter, DMA 512P, which can be used at up to p = 70 MPa [28][29][30][31][32][33].…”