Computer-Aided Separation Optimization in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography

Zisi, Ch.; Nikitas, P.; Pappa-Louisi, A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.14464-6

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…LC-MS offers versatility in the mode of LC operation with reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILC), ion exchange chromatography (IELC) and size exclusion chromatography (SELC) [ 230 , 231 ]. RPLC is popular in the analysis of metabolomics [ 232 , 233 ], whilst HILC is used for polar molecules to increase the range of the compounds that may be investigated by LC [ 232 , 234 ], with IELC expanding the scope of LC-MS even further for the analysis of highly polar molecules [ 232 , 235 ]. The versatility of LC-MS facilitates the analysis of a wide range of molecules and, importantly, mixed-mode chromatography may also be utilised, which combines two or more of the aforementioned techniques in order to offer superior separations than those of the individual methods alone [ 236 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of High-Value Chemicals from Plants for Technical and Medical Applications

Kapadia

Newell

Cunningham³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Plants produce a variety of high-value chemicals (e.g., secondary metabolites) which have a plethora of biological activities, which may be utilised in many facets of industry (e.g., agrisciences, cosmetics, drugs, neutraceuticals, household products, etc.). Exposure to various different environments, as well as their treatment (e.g., exposure to chemicals), can influence the chemical makeup of these plants and, in turn, which chemicals will be prevalent within them. Essential oils (EOs) usually have complex compositions (>300 organic compounds, e.g., alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins and terpenes) and are obtained from botanically defined plant raw materials by dry/steam distillation or a suitable mechanical process (without heating). In certain cases, an antioxidant may be added to the EO (EOs are produced by more than 17,500 species of plants, but only ca. 250 EOs are commercially available). The interesting bioactivity of the chemicals produced by plants renders them high in value, motivating investment in their production, extraction and analysis. Traditional methods for effectively extracting plant-derived biomolecules include cold pressing and hydro/steam distillation; newer methods include solvent/Soxhlet extractions and sustainable processes that reduce waste, decrease processing times and deliver competitive yields, examples of which include microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), subcritical water extraction (SWE) and supercritical CO2 extraction (scCO2). Once extracted, analytical techniques such as chromatography and mass spectrometry may be used to analyse the contents of the high-value extracts within a given feedstock. The bioactive components, which can be used in a variety of formulations and products (e.g., displaying anti-aging, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-depressive, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiviral and anti-stress properties), are biorenewable high-value chemicals.

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