Computer-Aided Planning and Evaluation of Facial and Orthognathic Surgery

Cutting, Court B.; Grayson, Barry; Bookstein, Fred L.; Fellingham, Linda L.; McCarthy, Joseph G.

doi:10.1016/s0094-1298(20)31571-6

Cited by 67 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We demonstrate the application and outcome of VSP in the repair of complex congenital craniofacial defects. CAD/CAM is an emerging technology, and since surgeons first started using it for orthognathic surgery, 16 its use gradually expanded to include head and neck reconstruction with the freefibula flap. 17 These applications demonstrate the feasibility, accuracy, and cost effectiveness of using CAD/CAM for their planning and execution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indications for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing in Congenital Craniofacial Reconstruction

Fisher

Medina

Bojovic

et al. 2016

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction

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).Congenital craniofacial anomalies present a unique challenge due to future skeletal growth and soft tissue changes. These factors force the craniofacial surgeon to extend beyond threedimensional (3D) planning and develop a four-dimensional, temporal perspective. In current craniofacial practice, repairs often require intraoperative decision making without controlled objective planning. Outcomes have been contingent upon the ability of the surgeon to predict patterns of growth, envision a successful outcome, and execute a surgical plan. Historically, this was largely guided by two-dimensional images, 3D cast models, or determined intraoperatively.The development of computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) for virtual surgical planning (VSP) has enabled preoperative planning in three dimensions. AbstractThe complex three-dimensional relationships in congenital craniofacial reconstruction uniquely lend themselves to the ability to accurately plan and model the result provided by computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). The goal of this study was to illustrate indications where CAD/CAM would be helpful in the treatment of congenital craniofacial anomalies reconstruction and to discuss the application of this technology and its outcomes. A retrospective review was performed of all congenital craniofacial cases performed by the senior author between 2010 and 2014. Cases where CAD/CAM was used were identified, and illustrative cases to demonstrate the benefits of CAD/CAM were selected. Preoperative appearance, computerized plan, intraoperative course, and final outcome were analyzed. Preoperative planning enabled efficient execution of the operative plan with predictable results. Risk factors which made these patients good candidates for CAD/CAM were identified and compiled. Several indications, including multisuture and revisional craniosynostosis, facial bipartition, four-wall box osteotomy, reduction cranioplasty, and distraction osteogenesis could benefit most from this technology. We illustrate the use of CAD/CAM for these applications and describe the decision-making process both before and during surgery. We explore why we believe that CAD/CAM is indicated in these scenarios as well as the disadvantages and risks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indications for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing in Congenital Craniofacial Reconstruction

Fisher

Medina

Bojovic

et al. 2016

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction

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“…It is obvious that two-dimensional analysis of three-dimensional objects leaves much to be desired. However, Cutting et al (1986) commented of three-dimensional analysis, based as it is most frequently on anthropological points, “any small number of measurements that do not take the entire surface into account will be inadequate compared with the eye of the sophisticated clinician.” Indeed, over the years, the sophisticated eye has indeed evolved principles leading to improvements in techniques. However, the sophisticated eye is not merely subjective but also not amenable to quantification when it comes to scientific assessment of outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Measurement of Symmetry from Photographs following Surgery for Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

Pigott

2010

The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal

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A computer-based program is presented to be used with digitized frontal and basal photographs. SymNose enables the user to quantify asymmetry of the front view of the lip and nose and of the nose from the base view, using the area of mismatch of one side reflected over the other. There is a facility to transfer results to a spreadsheet. The program is simple and quick to use and runs on Apple Macintosh OSX 10.4 or later, power and Intel-based systems. The outline of a feature can be drawn using the mouse or digitizing pad. The program, together with Help files, is available from the authors.

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“…Virtual surgical planning and case-specific custom plating is now used routinely in orthognathic surgery and mandibular fibula reconstruction. [22][23][24] However, there is an added cost for this technology. When combining virtual surgical planning for osseous genioplasty with simultaneous orthognathic cases, there is not a considerable amount of time or cost added.…”

Section: Table 2 Face-q Assessment Surveys Showed Similar Smile Score...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Osseous Genioplasty: Prevention of Witch’s Chin Deformity with No-Degloving Technique

Zhang

Byrd

Bradley

et al. 2021

Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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sseous genioplasty is a powerful surgical procedure that can correct chin dysmorphology with movements in six directions (sagittally, vertically, and horizontally). 1 By contrast, a chin implant is limited to providing only anterior chin projection. Osseous genioplasty is the second most commonly osteotomy performed on the facial bones because of its versatility. 2 However, the traditional osseous genioplasty technique may result in untoward soft-tissue chin sequelae such as chin ptosis or a "witch's chin" deformity. 3-5 [See Figure, Supplemental Digital Content 1, which shows close lateral chin views of a woman (left) preoperatively and (right) postoperatively, demonstrating a witch's chin deformity

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Computer-Aided Planning and Evaluation of Facial and Orthognathic Surgery

Cited by 67 publications

References 23 publications

Indications for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing in Congenital Craniofacial Reconstruction

Indications for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing in Congenital Craniofacial Reconstruction

Quantitative Measurement of Symmetry from Photographs following Surgery for Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

Osseous Genioplasty: Prevention of Witch’s Chin Deformity with No-Degloving Technique

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