Computer‐aided design of broadband single balanced waveguide mixer at K‐band

Abstract

In this article, computer-aided design of a broadband single balanced waveguide mixer covering full K-band (18 to 26.5 GHz) is presented. Emphasis has been given on simple design approach of the mixer using commercially available CAD (computer-aided design) tools. The mixer circuit is implemented on suspended stripline etched on soft substrate that is integrated with RF (radio frequency) and LO (local oscillator) waveguides. Conversion loss of 6-8 dB with 8.5 GHz instantaneous IF (intermediate frequency) bandwidth has been achieved with þ10 dBm LO power at 35 GHz and the RF swept from 18 to 26.5 GHz. A systematic design approach of the mixer is presented with its simulated and experimental results.ABSTRACT: This letter proposes an on-glass antenna for FM radio communications on the aircraft. We apply a multiloop structure to obtain a high-radiation gain with broad matching characteristics. The proposed antenna is designed to imitate the shape of the window frame to minimize disruption to the pilot's visual field. The measurement shows an average bore-sight gain of À13.4 dBi and a half-power matching bandwidth of 52% in the FM radio band.