Controller design, and the resulting control system performance, is frequently limited by the
capabilities of the available control system hardware. When the control system hardware provides
only a small set of fixed controller structures (e.g., proportional−integral−derivative, PID) or
limited programming capabilities, it may be desirable to use the available functional elements
in a manner such that the implemented fixed structure controller matches the performance of
some reference advanced controller as closely as possible. This paper presents a systematic
method for approximating the performance of an advanced controller with simpler fixed structure
controllers using semidefinite programming. Tuning of the simple, fixed structure controller is
obtained by matching a specific desired behavior of the advanced controller. The proposed method
is illustrated using two case studies: the approximation of a linear quadratic regulator for a
distillation column by a multiloop PID controller and cross-direction profile control for a paper
machine.