In describing 5 cases of benign osteoblastic tumors composed of osteoid and atypical woven bone, Jaffe 17 in 1935 introduced the term osteoid osteoma, although it had been previously described by Bergstrand 4 in 1930. Since then, this small (less than 1.5 cm), painful tumor has been reported in more than 1200 cases 19 and makes up approximately 10% of all benign bone tumors. 1,23 With a peak incidence in the first 3 decades of life, this tumor occurs approximately 3 times more commonly in males, 2,18 half of the time in the femur and tibia 11 and 13% of the time within a joint, with the most common site being the hip. 18,20 The typical patient with osteoid osteoma will have pain at night that is responsive to salicylates. In a young patient, this history, supplemented by classic imaging findings, tends to make the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma straightforward. However, if the tumor has intra-articular involvement, the diagnosis can become much more difficult, as an atypical picture may unfold both clinically and radiologically. 9,14,15,22 Clinically, the presence of joint effusions, synovitis, range of motion limitations, weakness, flexion deformity, atrophy, or contractures may exist. Radiologically, there may be a lack of characteristic osteoid osteoma imaging findings. 14,32 Although intra-articular involvement of osteoid osteomas have been described since 1935, there have only been 2 reported cases of osteoid osteomas within the synovial cavity of the knee. 6,16 From these reports, 1 was removed arthroscopically. In this article, we present the first published arthroscopic images of an osteoid osteoma at the knee joint and review the relevant literature.