“…Moreover, other causes of accumulation of intraluminal fluid may include (1) release of endocrine and paracrine substances, (2) changes in mesenteric circulation, (3) luminal release of bacterial toxins, and (4) excess release of prostaglandins. These may all contribute to promoting small bowel epithelial secretion, therefore, inhibiting absorption [38][39][40]. As a result, loss of intravascular fluid into the bowel manifests clinically as dehydration and hypovolemia.…”