Computed tomographic signs of the Chiari II malformation. Part I: Skull and dural partitions.

Abstract

Lückenschädel, scalloping of the posterior surface of the petrous pyramids, falx hypoplasia, falx fenestration, and tentorial hypoplasia with wide incisura and tiny posterior fossa are readily identified by computed tomography (CT) in patients with Chiari II malformation. Enlargement of the foramen magnum may be appreciated on axial section CT in some cases. None of these findings is pathognomonic and each may be observed in some patients with other conditions. In the aggregate, however, these findings strongly suggest the presence of Chiari II malformation.

Chiari II malformation: MR imaging evaluation

“…Petrous bone scalloping was also seen in the patients with clival scalloping. These changes are thought to be from pressure by the adjacent cerebellum [2]. Because of the difficulty in defining the posterior lip of the fonamen magnum, we could not confirm the enlargement of this structure described by others [2].…”

“…Most abnormalities previously described as seen by CT [2][3][4][5] were also seen by MR. In this article we review these abnormalities and report on other associated features of the Chiani malformation that either have a greater frequency than has previously been reported or that have not been described before.…”

Meningomyelocele: the tip of the iceberg

“…Cytomegalic neurons are associated with an earlier neonatal onset, hemiparesis, severe mental retardation and a worse surgical outcome as compared to cases with balloon type 6 , 7. Arnold–Chiari II shows characteristic findings on CT scan9 , 10 such as craniolacunia, scalloping of petrous pyramids, falx fenestration and a triple peak at the cerebellopontine angle.…”

Credit for unpublished case reports?

“…Primary malignant neoplasms of the aorta are rare, and the prognosis is extremely poor [1][2][3][4]. No protocol has been established for treatment.…”

“…If it is, I apologize for the oversight. I have read the letters and editorials on plagiarism, papers with multiple authors, and reworked slide lectures [2][3][4]. I agree with the comments directed to plagiarizers; however, now I better understand the position of the accused.…”