Computed tomographic retrograde positive contrast cystography and computed tomographic excretory urography characterization of a urinary bladder diverticulum in a dog

Abstract

A one-year-old intact male German shepherd dog was referred with a 3-month history of dysuria and pollakiuria. Physical examination revealed a large firm mass in the caudal abdomen. Findings from survey radiography, negative contrast cystography, computed tomographic (CT) retrograde positive contrast cystography, and CT excretory urography were consistent with a large urinary bladder diverticulum. An exploratory laparotomy revealed a normal wall appearance in the ventral compartment (true bladder) and marked thinning of the wall in the dorsal compartment (diverticulum). Both ureters inserted into the ventral compartment. The dorsal compartment was excised and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of urinary bladder diverticulum.

Urinary incontinence secondary to a suspected congenital urethral deformity in a kitten

“…Diverticula are epithelium-lined saccular dilations emerging from the lumen of a hollow organ, either presenting as a distended segment, or as a structure attached by a narrow neck. There are sporadic single case reports of diverticula arising from various locations of the urinary tract, including the bladder body, 14 sometimes associated with the incomplete closure of the urachus, 15 the bladder fundus 16 , 17 and neck, 17 or even with the renal pelvis. 18 To our knowledge, only three cases of urethral diverticula have been reported in the veterinary literature.…”

“…Further investigation using positive contrast tomography and urethral endoscopy (in dogs and female cats only) can provide valuable insights into the anatomy of complex urinary tract lesions and may help with both surgical planning and prognosis. 12 , 14 …”

“…Further investigation using positive contrast tomography and urethral endoscopy (in dogs and female cats only) can provide valuable insights into the anatomy of complex urinary tract lesions and may help with both surgical planning and prognosis. 12,14 In human medicine, when asymptomatic, urethral diverticula are treated conservatively with prophylactic antibiotics. However, serious complications can arise, including rupture, urinary stasis or partial urinary obstruction, promoting UTIs, stone formation, fistulation and even malignant transformation of the diverticulum.…”

Case report: Urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis and a urinary bladder malformation in a seven-month-old alpaca cria

“…A bladder diverticulum is defined as a bladder mucosa herniation through muscular fibers of the bladder wall ( 28 ), whereas a pseudo diverticulum is characterized by a protrusion of the mucosa through gaps in the musculature in the surrounding area of vascular penetration points and is associated with elevated intravesical pressure ( 29 ). Bladder diverticula are rarely diagnosed in veterinary medicine ( 30 ). As the site of insertion of the Verres needle into the bladder could not be identified with certainty, it remains speculative whether puncturing affected the bladder diverticulum.…”