Computed tomographic measurements of the femoral trochlea in dogs with and without medial patellar luxation

Longo, Federico; Memarian, Parastoo; Knell, Sebastian; Contiero, Barbara; Pozzi, Antonio

doi:10.1111/vsu.13903

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…luxation exhibited a different femoral trochlear groove angle. Small breeds had a shallower femoral trochlear groove angle than medium/large breeds [30].…”

Section: O N G O Et Al Found That Dogs With Medial Patellarmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Dysplasia of Trochlea femoris in Dogs

Kacková,

Vargová,

Šulla

et al. 2023

Folia Veterinaria

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This article provides a comprehensive analysis of dysplasia trochlea in dogs, summarizing the most recent findings in the field and highlighting important new findings, as well as, areas that require further research. The anatomy of the knee and the trochlea femoris, as well as its function in maintaining knee joint stability, are covered in the first section. The accurate diagnosis of orthopaedic disorders, and injuries are necessary for efficient treatment, and this is made possible by understanding the anatomy of the knee. The factors that can affect the onset, development, and course of the disease are included in the section that follows, which discusses the etiology, and pathophysiology. Veterinary surgeons must measure trochlear femur dysplasia in dogs in order to determine the severity of the condition and the best course of treatment. It is typically assessed by looking at X-ray images and assigning a score, however, this can differ from one individual to another. New measurement techniques that give a better level of objectivity and precision, like CT scans or MRIs, are now being tested.

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“…luxation exhibited a different femoral trochlear groove angle. Small breeds had a shallower femoral trochlear groove angle than medium/large breeds [30].…”

Section: O N G O Et Al Found That Dogs With Medial Patellarmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…A standardized approach for precisely measuring the femoral trochlear groove using CT has been developed [30,38,42] The femoral trochlea can be evaluated in 3D…”

Section: Imaging Techniques That Can Be Used To Diagnose Trochlear Dy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysplasia of Trochlea femoris in Dogs

Kacková,

Vargová,

Šulla

et al. 2023

Folia Veterinaria

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“…In dogs from small breeds, patellar luxation occurs as a consequence of complex morphological musculoskeletal abnormalities affecting the entire pelvic limb, but the pathogenetic role of the shallow trochlear groove (Longo et al, 2023) and medial femoral condyle hypoplasia (Garnoeva, 2021) is thought to be the leading cause. Therefore, tangential radiographs of canine stifles are preferred for satisfactory evaluation of trochlear groove depth and shape.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In canine orthopaedics, ROC analysis has been used to evaluate parameters related to developmental diseases, such as hip dysplasia (Gaspar et al, 2016) and medial elbow coronoid disease (Hersh-Boyle et al, 2021). In dogs with patellar luxation, only the cutoff values of femoral trochlear morphological parameters (Longo et al, 2023) and indices of proximodistal patellar position (Murakami et al, 2023) have been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In human medicine, there are numerous studies on patellofemoral diagnostic imaging parameters, and the use of ROC analysis to outline those that seem most relevant in the diagnosis of patellar instability (Ridley et al, 2016;Prakash et al, 2016;Geraghty et al, 2022;Kim & Parikh, 2022). To date, in dogs, ROC analysis data on sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off values have been reported only for trochlear groove morphometric parameters in small and large breeds (Longo et al, 2023) and proximodistal patellar position indices (Murakami et al, 2023); however, there are no data on parameters of patellar morphology and patellofemoral alignment. This information seems valuable, as lameness affecting the opposite limb might have been missed in cases of bilateral MPL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic value of patellofemoral parameters in small breed dogs with medial patellar luxation: a tangential X-ray study

Garnoeva

2023

Austral J Vet Sci

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Knowing the diagnostic value of radiological patellofemoral parameters is important for evaluating the status of small-breed dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL). This retrospective survey was conducted in four small dog breeds (Mini Pinscher, Pomeranian, Chihuahua, and Yorkshire terrier) on 46 healthy stifle joints and 72 joints with grade II and III MPL. The following morphometric parameters were measured on tangential radiographs: trochlear sulcus angle, lateral and medial trochlear inclination angles, trochlear depth, horizontal and vertical patellar diameters, length of the lateral and medial patellar facets, lateral and medial facet angles, Wiberg angle, congruence angle, and axial linear patellar displacement. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the cut-off values, sensitivity, and specificity of the parameters associated with MPL. The trochlear sulcus angle and trochlear depth were capable of consistently identifying the MPL-affected joints (AUCs > 0.9). The parameters describing the position of the patella within the trochlear groove (congruence angle and axial linear patellar displacement) were found to be the most accurate, with an AUC of over 0.990 and a sensitivity/specificity of over 94%. The patellar morphology parameters had no diagnostic value in distinguishing between healthy and MPL stifles.

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Computed Tomographic Measurement Method for Morphoanatomical Comparison of Femur, Tibia, and Patella in Cats with and without Medial Patellar Luxation

Santos,

Shorten,

Caron

et al. 2024

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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Objectives The aims of this study are to describe a computed tomographic (CT) measurement method of feline femoral, tibial, and patellar conformation, and to compare these measurements between a cat population diagnosed with medial patellar luxation (MPL) and cats without MPL. Materials and Methods Eleven measurements were performed by two observers, including anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), femoral trochlear width (FTW) and femoral trochlear depth (FTD), anteversion angle of the femoral neck, patellar length, patellar width, patellar height, patellar volume, mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, tibial torsion angle, and tibial tuberosity displacement. Mean and standard deviation differences between the groups were statistically assessed. Intraobserver and interobserver interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. Results The aLDFA was significantly higher in the MPL II compared with the control and MPL III. The FTW was significantly larger in the MPL III than in the control or the MPL II group. The FTD in the control group was significantly larger than in the MPL II and III groups. The TTA of the control group was significantly smaller than the MPL II and III. The intraobserver ICC was high at 64%, and the interobserver ICC was high at 36% of the measurements. Clinical Significance This study identified shallower FTD and increased TTA in cats diagnosed with MPL. The TTA difference was less than 5 degrees and FTD was less than 1 mm. The findings provide information on feline pelvic limb morphology. However, the differences between the two populations are small.

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Computed tomographic measurements of the femoral trochlea in dogs with and without medial patellar luxation

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Dysplasia of Trochlea femoris in Dogs

Dysplasia of Trochlea femoris in Dogs

Diagnostic value of patellofemoral parameters in small breed dogs with medial patellar luxation: a tangential X-ray study

Computed Tomographic Measurement Method for Morphoanatomical Comparison of Femur, Tibia, and Patella in Cats with and without Medial Patellar Luxation

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