Computed tomographic findings of the brain in adult HIV-infected patients at Doctor George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa

Ozoh, J. O.; Towobola, Olakunle Adewunmi; Ogunbanjo, GA; Kangawaza, E. M.

doi:10.4103/wajr.wajr_48_17

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Our results showed that HIV infection was not a predictor of abnormal head CT. This is in keeping with the study by Ozoh et al ( 31 ) who studied head CT findings in HIV/AIDS patients presenting to DGMAH. These authors attributed the low prevalence of abnormal head CT findings in HIV patients to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) increasing CD4 counts in the population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…There is conflicting information in the literature concerning eligibility for head CT for patients presenting to the ED with seizures. According to Jagoda and Gupta (30), patients presenting for the first time with seizures should not undergo a head CT unless they have co-morbidities such as FND or abnormal baseline mental status. The current evidence shows that patients presenting with seizures usually have other presenting features such as FND or history of malignancy (30,31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Predictors of Abnormal Head Computed Tomography Findings in Non-trauma Patients Presenting to a South African Emergency Department

et al. 2021

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Background: Head computed tomography (head CT) examinations conducted at emergency departments (EDs) for non-trauma patients are expensive and expose patients to ionizing radiation. Identification of symptoms likely to yield abnormal head CT scans can reduce costs and prevent unnecessary patient irradiation. There is limited comprehensive data in the literature concerning the utilization of head CT in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) EDs.Methods: A retrospective study of successive non-contrasted head CT scans from February 2017 through January 2018 performed on non-trauma ED patients aged 18 years and above without known pre-existing intracranial pathology was conducted. Univariate and multivariate logistic models were used to determine which presenting clinical features were likely to yield abnormal head CT findings. Clinical information was obtained from the history and physical examination findings entered on the requisition form by the ED clinicians and from previous head CT reports if present on the picture archiving and communication system (PACS).Results: A total of 396 consecutive patients who received head CT examinations had a median age of 49 years (IQR: 36–53), and 53.3% were male (n = 211/396). Of the head CT scans included, 73.5% of head CTs included were abnormal (n = 291/396). Age >61 years (aOR:1.54; 95%CI: 1.12–2.10), focal neurologic deficit (aOR: 2.46; 95%CI: 1.42–4.26), and loss of consciousness (aOR 2.82; 95%CI: 1.21–6.57) were the predictors of abnormal head CT findings.Conclusion: A head CT scan in a non-trauma patient presenting to an emergency department in a low–middle income country like South Africa is likely to yield abnormal findings if a patient presented with age above 61 years, loss of consciousness, or focal neurological deficit.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%