Computed Tomographic Findings of Experimentally Induced Neurogenic Muscular Atrophy in Dogs.

Orima, Hiromitsu; Fujita, Michio

doi:10.1292/jvms.59.729

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…171 The cross-sectional area of muscles decreased 1 to 2 weeks after denervation, and the differences were significant after 3 weeks. 171 The cross-sectional area of muscles decreased 1 to 2 weeks after denervation, and the differences were significant after 3 weeks.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Muscle Atrophymentioning

confidence: 92%

Responses of Musculoskeletal Tissues to Disuse and Remobilization

Millis¹

2014

Canine Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy

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P atients afflicted with neurologic, orthopedic, metabolic, and other diseases frequently have reduced weight bearing and use of limbs. In addition, some conditions may be treated with splints, casts, or other coaptation devices, resulting in decreased limb use. The tissues most affected by disuse and immobilization are cartilage, joint capsule, muscle, ligament, tendon, and bone. Knowledge of how these tissues respond to disuse and immobilization, the types of deleterious tissue changes, and the time frame over which these changes occur, are important in understanding the need for physical rehabilitation. For example, stress deprivation of joints results in proliferation of connective tissue within the joint space, adhesions between synovial folds, adherence of connective tissue to cartilage surfaces, atrophy of cartilage, reduced proteoglycan (PG) content, ulceration at points of cartilage to cartilage contact, disorganization of cellular and fibrillar ligament alignment, reduced collagen mass, increased ligament compliance, weakened ligament insertion sites, reduced load-to-failure and energy-absorbing capacity of the bone-ligament-bone complex, and osteoporosis of the involved extremity. 1 Rehabilitation of patients with acute or chronic neurologic or orthopedic conditions involves the application of controlled challenges to tissues to improve strength, condition, and function. It is important to understand how to safely remobilize tissues after injury and a period of immobilization. Rehabilitation must sufficiently challenge tissues to enhance and positively influence their recovery and healing. However, if tissues are overchallenged, they may be damaged, ultimately delaying recovery or cause additional injury. There must be a balance between the simultaneous demands for protection against undue stress to facilitate healing, and the need for stress to attenuate atrophy of musculoskeletal tissues. 2 A review of these concepts forms the basis for a rational approach to developing rehabilitation programs. CartilageDisorders of articular cartilage and joints are some of the most common and debilitating diseases encountered in veterinary practice. Understanding the normal structure and function of articular cartilage is a prerequisite to understanding the pathologic processes. The mechanical properties of articular cartilage arise from the complex structure and interactions of its biochemical constituents. The viscoelastic properties of cartilage, primarily resulting from fluid flow through the solid matrix, explain deformational responses observed during loading. For example, cartilage that is loaded rapidly is stiffer than the same cartilage that is loaded slowly. Degenerative processes include the breakdown of normal constituents of cartilage, especially the collagen network and PGs, which affects the mechanics of fluid flow through cartilage. Factors contributing to such breakdown include direct trauma, obesity, immobilization, and excessive repetitive loading of the cartilage. Training activities, without tr...

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Section: Mechanisms Of Muscle Atrophymentioning

confidence: 92%