Computed tomographic features of the osseous structures of the external acoustic meatus, tympanic cavity, and tympanic bulla of llamas (Lama glama)

Concha-Albornoz, Ismael; Stieger‐Vanegas, Susanne M.; Cebra, Christopher K.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.73.1.42

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Llamas and alpacas are predisposed for developing otitis media/interna because of characteristic anatomic conditions such as a long and narrow external acoustic ear canal and a multicompartmental tympanic bulla [3, 9, 11]. Otitis media/interna can arise from otitis externa or is often presumed to be a consequence of ascending infection up the eustachian tube [2, 3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnostic imaging techniques, such as CT or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) can be very helpful for antemortem diagnosis and are advantageous compared to radiography in cases demanding the visualization of medial and inner ear structures and the brain [2, 9, 11, 16, 17]. In this case it facilitated a profound diagnosis including the size and location of the abscess and the subsequent prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, in this case, CSF analysis was not considered, since physical examination implicated pathological changes of the middle and inner ear structures. Although there is limited information on the use of computed tomography (CT) to visualize brain and skull alterations in SACs [9, 10], the decision was made to perform a CT scan, since this imaging technique has been shown to be very effective in locating space-occupying lesions and pathological changes in brain tissue of other animal species.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intracranial abscess formation in an adult alpaca: a case report

et al. 2019

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Background Intracranial abscess formation is an extremely rare and sporadically documented disease in South American Camelids (SACs). Herein we report the first case of otogenic brain abscess formation in this species. Case presentation A 4 years old female alpaca was presented to our veterinary hospital with a 6 month history of neurologic disorder symptoms, mainly head tilt to the right and emaciation. A comprehensive workup (ultrasound and computed tomography) revealed irreversible cranial nerve abnormalities, extensive lesions in the region of external, middle and internal right ear including destruction of bony structures (tympanic bulla, parts of temporal bone) and severe brain deformation caused by an intracranial abscess. The lesion was up to 6x7x4 cm and occupying almost 40% of the cranial cavity. No pathological findings were evident in other organs or structures. The late referral of the alpaca at this advanced stage of destructive disease precluded surgical intervention. Conclusions This case report describes the clinical signs, diagnostic procedures and pathological findings in an adult female alpaca suffering from cranial nerve abnormalities caused by a massive otogenic brain abscess. Camelids suffering from otitis may not present with clinical signs until the pathology is severe. The importance of considering intracranial abscess formation as differential diagnosis in SACs showing the merest hint of nerve deficits cannot be emphasized enough in order to diagnose such pathological processes at an early and treatable stage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intracranial abscess formation in an adult alpaca: a case report

et al. 2019

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“…No data was available on this topic in the literature. CT imaging data in cases of disease and on the normal nondental structures of the skull of SAC do, however, exist [1,2,5,6,9,12]. On the basis of the CT images, the best angulations for oblique radiographic projections can now be recommended and are lateral30°dorsal - lateroventral and lateral30°ventral - laterodorsal respectively for maxillary and mandibular arcades, which provides the least distortion of the reserve crown and tooth roots and the least superimposition of the dental arcades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic and radiographic examination of dental structures in South American camelid specimen of different ages

et al. 2014

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BackgroundTooth root problems and periodontal diseases are common in South American camelids (SAC). The objective was to evaluate and optimize the imaging technique for dental radiography in SAC and to describe the radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) anatomy of normal teeth at different ages. In this study, the heads of 20 healthy SAC slaughtered for meat production or euthanized for reasons not related to dental problems included 7 female and 10 male llamas and 3 male alpacas. Using a standardized protocol, radiographs and CT scans of the 20 specimen were performed.ResultsThe most useful radiographic projections for mandibular and maxillary cheek teeth evaluation turned out to be lateral30°ventral - laterodorsal and lateral30°dorsal - lateroventral with slight separation of the dental arcades respectively. Digital radiographic and CT appearance of the mandibular and maxillary teeth were described from the beginning of mineralization till maturity. In addition the normal range of the CT radio density of different cheek teeth and different dental tissues were measured. Hounsfield units of different dental tissues of SAC turned out to be similar to equids.Deviation, shortening and partial destruction of the distal tooth root of mandibular 09′s and 10′s and of maxillary 09′s was observed and the existence of a common pulp chamber in younger teeth was revealed.ConclusionsThe present study provides information about the dental imaging morphology in clinically healthy SAC. This basic information provides fundamental knowledge for evaluating images and planning treatments in clinically affected animals.

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Radiology

Drost¹,

Urion²

2022

Medicine and Surgery of Camelids

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Computed tomographic features of the osseous structures of the external acoustic meatus, tympanic cavity, and tympanic bulla of llamas (Lama glama)

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Intracranial abscess formation in an adult alpaca: a case report

Intracranial abscess formation in an adult alpaca: a case report

Computed tomographic and radiographic examination of dental structures in South American camelid specimen of different ages

Radiology

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