Computed tomographic evaluation of glenoid joint line restoration with glenoid bone grafting and reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients with significant glenoid bone loss

Restoration of glenoid joint line: a three-dimensional analysis of scapular landmarks

“… Landmark Abbreviation Description Superior base of coracoid 21 CB S Defined by Italia et al as the most medial visible point at the superior base of the coracoid when assessing the scapula from a sagittal view. 21 Inferior base of coracoid 21 CB I Defined as the most medial visible point at the inferior base of the coracoid when assessing the scapula from a sagittal view. 21 Lateral base of coracoid 10 , 20 CB L The most lateral point at the base of the coracoid.…”

“…Glenoid bone loss of varying degrees of severity can be caused by various shoulder pathologies, including primary glenohumeral (GH) osteoarthritis, 21 rotator cuff tear arthropathy, 10 or revisions of shoulder arthroplasties. 13 , 17 , 27 This erosion of glenoid bone stock affects the native GH joint line by medializing the glenoid articulating surface consequently medializing the joint line.…”

“…These surgical techniques include a combination of eccentric reaming, augmented glenoid baseplates 18 , 49 and bone grafting. 5 , 7 , 21 , 32 The common primary aim of these surgical techniques is to restore the glenoid joint line and premorbid glenoid anatomy to allow for desirable implant positioning.…”

“…Previous investigations have used scapular landmark systems to quantify a variety of anatomical measurements. 3 , 10 , 20 , 21 Other techniques such as the glenoid vault mode, 18 , 19 , 35 , 40 statistical shape modeling, 1 , 33 , 39 and the use of the contralateral anatomy 22 have been described to estimate glenoid bone loss. However, there is limited literature available to describe glenoid joint line quantification techniques and ranges of anatomical values in healthy scapulae.…”

Single-Stage Revision Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: Preoperative Planning, Surgical Technique, and Mixed Reality Execution

“…Each pathological glenoid is the result of some degree of bone wear or defect, thereby medializing the native glenoid joint line. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the glenoid joint line sits approximately 8 to 10 mm from the base of the coracoid [28] or around 27 to 29 mm from the scapular notch for females and males, respectively [29]. These morphological relationships, paired with 3D reconstructions of the anatomy and a scapular SSM, can be used to estimate the premorbid joint line.…”