Computed tomographic appearance of circumcaval and circumuterine ureter in a cat

Abstract

Background Circumcaval ureter is a rare congenital anomaly resulting from the persistence of embryonic venous system. This anomaly is characterized by running of affected ureter around caudal vena cava (CVC). Case presentation In this report, circumcaval ureter was found in a 2‐year‐old female cat attending as normal sample group in another research. This cat passed all health checkup protocols before computed tomography (CT) was performed. Conclusion The contrast‐enhanced computed tomographic (cCT) images clearly revealed the dislocation of the right ureter that course around CVC and uterine body. This is the first report of feline circumcaval concurrent with circumuterine ureter detected by cCT.

Antegrade CT pyelography of right retrocaval ureter causing ureteral stenosis and ureterohydronephrosis in an exotic shorthair cat: A case report

“…However, this abnormality was more common in cats, with one study showing a prevalence of the disease between 16 and 35.2% in two feline studies ( 3 , 4 ). In addition, the anomaly usually occurred in cats in conjunction with other congenital anomalies, such as portosystemic shunt, double right renal vein, duplication of the caudal vena cava, and left-sided caudal vena cava ( 1 , 5 ). Cryptorchidism had been reported to be associated with this rare condition in the literature in human medicine ( 9 ).…”

“…When the retrocaval ureter presented in cats, many cases did not show clinical signs, and this congenital variant was usually an incidental finding ( 13 ). If the ureter was obstructed, it may show corresponding clinical findings, such as ureteral dilatation, dilated renal pelvis or even azotemia ( 5 ). In the present case, the affected cat had right-sided hydronephrosis due to a right ureteral obstruction (proximal ureter dilated, ~0.35 cm in diameter, with no significant distal dilatation) and a successive dilatation of the right renal pelvis (~1.91 cm in diameter).…”

“…Such anatomic abnormalities may be incidental without any clinical manifestations. However, in some cases, clinical signs can be found, such as abdominal pain, ureteral obstruction and ureterohydronephrosis ( 5 ). There is little literature about this disease in clinical practice, and this study presented the successful diagnosis and treatment of right retrocaval ureter in a cat with significant symptoms, based on radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography and antegrade pyelography.…”

Anatomical and Three-Dimensional Study of the Female Feline Abdominal and Pelvic Vascular System Using Dissections, Computed Tomography Angiography and Magnetic Resonance Angiography

“…In small animals, anomalies of the portal system have been increasingly detected in recent years with the growing availability of advanced imaging techniques in veterinary practice [ 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Other congenital anomalies of the venous system using CTA have been reported [ 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Knowledge of the congenital and acquired anomalies and their consequences is of great importance for clinical decision-making in surgery and for planning interventional procedures [ 50 , 51 , 56 ].…”