Computed tomographic and gross anatomy of the head of the blue‐fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva)

Abstract

Pet birds have gained increasing popularity over the last decades, and the avian caseload has increased in veterinary practices worldwide (Veladiano et al., 2016b). This phenomenon is thought to reflect the strong emotional bond between pet birds and their owners and the high economic value of some bird species (Freitas et al., 2015). Psittacines are among the most popular pet birds (Veladiano et al., 2016b) and form the second largest group of birds admitted to Brazilian Wildlife Conservation Centers, after passerines (Freitas et al., 2015; Vilela, 2012). According to Fernandes et al. (2019), the blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) remains one of the most common captive birds to date due to their beauty, sociability and ability to mimic human speech.

Cross Sectional Anatomy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Juvenile Atlantic Puffin Head (Aves, Alcidae, Fratercula arctica)

“…The skull bones visualized did not show important pneumatization as happens in other aquatic species. This lower pneumatization of the skull of the puffin [42] could be related to their living and eating habits since, as we have mentioned, they are excellent divers, and therefore, the pneumatization of the skull could be a problem when diving in oceanic waters. In addition to these findings, the ethmoidal labyrinth was not described, probably due to the poor development of the sense of smell, also related to the small rostrally tapering of the olfactory bulb.…”

“…Those anatomical cross-sections that better matched the MR images were selected to facilitate the identification of relevant structures of the Atlantic puffin head. In addition, it was necessary to consult textbooks, relevant references on bird anatomy, as well as bone preparations from other seabird specimens [32,33,[42][43][44][45].…”

CT‐based 3D reconstruction and basic anatomical analysis of the 3D anatomy of the air sac system in domestic birds

“…Commonly used methods for studying the morphology of the avian air sac system are dissection (Cover, 1953;Duncker, 1971;Gilbert, 1939), casting (Casteleyn et al, 2010(Casteleyn et al, , 2018Demirkan et al, 2006;King & Atherton, 1970;Ragab & Reem, 2016;Taylor et al, 1962), plastination (Kobienia, 2008), diagnostic imaging (Faillace et al, 2021;Krautwald-Junghanns et al, 1993;Krautwald-Junghanns, Schuhmacher, & Sohn, 1998;Malka et al, 2009;Schwarz et al, 2016) or the combination of these methodologies (Krautwald-Junghanns, Valerius, et al, 1998;Petnehazy et al, 2012). Of these, dissection and casting processes can alter the appearance of the air-filled cavities.…”

“…Although several publications describe the cross sectional anatomy of a variety of bird species visualized by CT (Krautwald‐Junghanns et al., 2010; Orosz, 1992; Petnehazy et al., 2012; Veladiano et al., 2016), few detail the anatomy and 3D reconstructions of CT data regarding the respiratory system of birds (Faillace et al., 2021; Lawson et al., 2021; Malka et al., 2009; Ponganis et al., 2015; Schachner et al., 2021).…”