Abstract. We calculate geometric and homotopical bordism rings associated to semi-free S 1 actions on complex manifolds, giving explicit generators for the geometric theory. The classification of semi-free actions with isolated fixed points up to cobordism complements similar results from symplectic geometry.
IntroductionIn this paper we describe both the geometric and homotopical bordism rings associated to S 1 -actions in which only the two simplest orbit types, namely fixed points and free orbits, are allowed. Our work is of further interest in two different ways. To make the computation of geometric semi-free bordism, in Corollary 2.12 we prove the semi-free case of what we call the geometric realization conjecture, which if true in general would determine the ring structure of geometric S 1 -bordism from the ring structure of homotopical S 1 -bordism given in [21]. Additionally, we investigate semi-free actions with isolated fixed points as a first case, and that result is parallel to results from symplectic geometry. Let P(C ⊕ ρ) denote the space of complex lines in C ⊕ ρ where ρ is the standard complex representation of S 1 (in other words, the Riemann sphere with S 1 action given by the action of the unit complex numbers.) Theorem 1.1. Let S 1 act semi-freely with isolated fixed points on M , compatible with a stable complex structure on M . Then M is equivariantly cobordant to a disjoint union of products of P(C ⊕ ρ).This result should be compared with the second main result of [19], which states that when M is connected a semi-free Hamiltonian S 1 action on M implies that M has a perfect Morse function which realizes the same Borel equivariant cohomology as a product of such P(C⊕ρ), as well as the same equivariant Chern classes. Our work also refines, in this case of isolated fixed points, results of Stong [25].As Theorem 1.1 led us to the more general computation of bordism of semi-free actions given in Theorem 3.10, it would also be interesting to see if there is an analog of Theorem 3.10 for Hamiltonian S 1 -actions. In general, the symplectic and cobordism approaches to transformation groups have considerable overlaps in language (for example, localization by inverting Euler classes of representations plays a key role in each theory), though the same words sometimes have different precise meanings. A synthesis of these techniques might be useful in addressing interesting questions within transformation groups such as classifying semi-free actions with isolated fixed points.In section 2 of this paper we develop semi-free bordism theory and give a proof of Theorem 1.1. We will see that the main ingredients are the Conner-Floyd-tom Dieck exact sequences, which are standard. In section 3 we compute semi-free bordism theories. In the final section, we review what is known about S 1 -bordism and present a conjectural framework for the geometric theory. The author would like to thank Jonathan Weitsman for stimulating conversations, and the referee, whose comments led to significant improvement of the pape...