Computational simulations using a low density ratio-based kinetic theory of granular flow in subcritical water fluidized beds

Numerical Investigation of the Two-Fluid Model and Computational Fluid Dynamics–Discrete Element Method in Supercritical Methanol Fluidized Beds

“…If the interstitial fluid is not negligible, the solid stress tensor takes into account the St number. 39 These indicate that the correlations from Table 2 30,31 and models of Hadinoto and Curtis, 36 Agrawal et al, 37 and Peirano et al 38 take the effect of interstitial fluid on hydrodynamics of the bed into account in simulations of fluid−particle FBs.…”

“…The numerical simulations of SCM–particle FBs are conducted by means of the CFD-DEM , and TFM with low density ratio-based KTGF , approaches. It is assumed for both approaches that the bed materials consist of uniform spherical particles.…”

“…Separate conservation equations of mass and momentum are solved for the methanol fluid phase and solid phase. Table summarizes the TFM model equations. − Among them, the momentum equations are represented in and , where p is the fluid pressure, α represents volume fractions, and u and v represent velocities for methanol fluid and solid phases, respectively. F vm,f represents virtual mass force.…”

“…The solid-phase pressure p s of is modeled using low density ratio-based KTGF. − The granular constitutive correlations of pressure and viscosity are summarized in Table . The granular shear viscosity is represented in .…”

“…For the MFIX-TFM, the model equations and numerical methods can be found from the MFIX platform . For flow of methanol fluid–particles, the MFIX-TFM code is modified using equations listed in Table based on the low density ratio-based KTGF. − Thus, the improved MFIX-TFM computing platform has both the classical KTGF algorithm and the low density ratio-based KTGF algorithm for numerical simulations of fluid–particle FBs.…”