Computational Simulation of the Blood Separation Process

Gruttola, Sandro De; Boomsma, Kevin; Poulikakos, Dimos; Ventikos, Yiannis

doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2005.29105.x

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The variable viscosity feature differentiates the present non-Newtonian model from the work reported in De Gruttola et al (18). Figure 7 shows the variability of the viscosity in the separator for three different inlet hematocrit values, which is otherwise unaccounted for in the modeling of blood as a Newtonian fluid.…”

Section: Variable Viscositymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The Coriolis force is a fictitious force exerted on a body when it moves radially in a rotating reference frame. It is called a fictitious force because it is a by-product of measuring coordinates with respect to a rotating coordinate system as opposed to an actual "push or pull" (18). Because of the relatively small cross product 2( w ¥ v), the Coriolis force in the apheresis simulations is negligible.…”

Section: Fluid Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The velocity of the fluid surrounding the particle is interpolated with an inverse distance interpolation scheme to obtain the velocity at the location of the particle. The velocity can be calculated with (18) where p is 2, is the velocity of the flow within mesh elements surrounding the particle, and d j is the distance between the blood particle and the center of the surrounding computational mesh elements.…”

Section: Computational Fluid Dynamics: the Lagrangian Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational Simulation of a Non‐Newtonian Model of the Blood Separation Process

Gruttola¹,

Boomsma²,

Poulikakos³

2005

Artificial Organs

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The aim of this work is to construct a computational fluid dynamics model capable of simulating the transient non-Newtonian process of apheresis. A Lagrangian-Eulerian model has been developed which tracks the blood particles within a two-dimensional flow configuration. Within the Eulerian method, the fluid mass and momentum conservation equations within the separator are solved using the density and the viscosity is calculated from the blood particle concentrations. Subsequently, the displacement of the blood particles is calculated with a Lagrangian method. Hawksley's model for the density of supensions is used in the variable density calculation. The viscosity is calculated with two models based on Vand's rigid particle suspension viscosity concepts, followed by the flow field calculation in the separator. Simulations were performed for various inlet hematocrit values and separator lengths. The simulations are in satisfactory agreement with experimental results reported in literature, indicating a complete separation of plasma and red blood cells (RBCs), as well as nearly complete separation of red blood cells and platelets. No hemolysis was observed in the simulations because the shear rate remained under the critical value of 150 N/m2.

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Section: Variable Viscositymentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Fluid Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Computational Fluid Dynamics: the Lagrangian Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational Simulation of a Non‐Newtonian Model of the Blood Separation Process

Gruttola¹,

Boomsma²,

Poulikakos³

2005

Artificial Organs

Self Cite

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“…The viscosity of the blood also increases with increasing hematocrit and decreasing temperature. The viscosity  of blood can be modeled from experiments in the form [16] [22], to describe the measured viscosity of human blood for shear rates from 2/s to 100,000/s.…”

Section: Fluid Dynamics Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid dynamics topics in bloodstain pattern analysis: Comparative review and research opportunities

Attinger

Moore

Donaldson

et al. 2013

Forensic Science International

151

139

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This comparative review highlights the relationships between the disciplines of bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) in forensics and that of fluid dynamics (FD) in the physical sciences. In both the BPA and FD communities, scientists study the motion and phase change of a liquid in contact with air, or with other liquids or solids. Five aspects of BPA related to FD are discussed: the physical forces driving the motion of blood as a fluid; the generation of the drops; their flight in the air; their impact on solid or liquid surfaces; and the production of stains. For each of these topics, the relevant literature from the BPA community and from the FD community is reviewed. Comments are provided on opportunities for joint BPA and FD research, and on the development of novel FD-based tools and methods for BPA. Also, the use of dimensionless numbers is proposed to inform BPA analyses. Keywordsbloodstain pattern analysis, review, dimensionless number, drop generation, trajectory, impact, stain Disciplines Laboratory and Basic Science Research | Other Mechanical EngineeringComments NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Forensic Science International. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Forensic Science International, [231, 1-3, (2013) Abstract: This comparative review highlights the relationships between the disciplines of bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) in forensics and that of fluid dynamics (FD) in the physical sciences. In both the BPA and FD communities, scientists study the motion and phase change of a liquid in contact with air, or with other liquids or solids. Five aspects of BPA related to FD are discussed: the physical forces driving the motion of blood as a fluid; the generation of the drops; their flight in the air; their impact on solid or liquid surfaces; and the production of stains. For each of these topics, the relevant literature from the BPA community and from the FD community is reviewed. Comments are provided on opportunities for joint BPA and FD research, and on the development of novel FD-based tools and methods for BPA. Also, the use of dimensionless numbers is proposed to inform BPA analyses.

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“…In several papers, advection of particles with inertia in a fluid was investigated numerically under an assumption that the history force can be neglected [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Ounis and Ahmadi [9] studied the motion of small spherical particles in a random flow field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effect of gravitational and hydrodynamic forces on particle motion in a quiescent fluid at high particle Reynolds numbers

Rostami¹,

Ardeshir²,

Ahmadi³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Phys.

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Trajectories of 5 and 10 mm metallic and plastic particles in a quiescent liquid during their sedimentation toward a plate were studied using experimental and numerical means, and the influence of gravity, drag, added mass, and history forces were evaluated. Variations of particle diameter and density allowed measurements at Reynolds numbers, based on the impact velocity, in the range of 1 000 to 13 000. A computer model was developed and the Lagrangian equation of particle motion was solved. The results showed that the combination of gravity, drag, and added mass forces are important for the simulation of the motion of small particles for the duration of their flight from the starting point to the wall impact, in the range of particle Reynolds numbers between 1000 and 5000. Comparison of the simulation results with the data showed that the predicted trajectories underestimated the experimental observations by about 1% to 4.3%. When the history force was included in the governing equation, however, excellent agreement between the measured and predicted particle trajectory was obtained. Experimental results for the motion of large particles showed oscillations in the time history of particle velocity when the particle Reynolds number was in the range of 3 000 to 13 000. Repeating the experiment, and averaging the data of a large number of experiments, yielded averaged curves for the particle velocity that did not show oscillatory values. In this case, good agreement between numerical and experimental data was observed. The study also shows that at high particle Reynolds numbers, the effect of the history force becomes negligibly small. Résumé :Nous étudions expérimentalement et numériquement les trajectoires de particules de plastique et de métal de 5 et 10 mm dans un liquide au repos pendant leur sédimentation vers une plaque et évaluons l'influence de la gravité, de la résistance hydrodynamique de la masse ajoutée et des forces de Boussinesq. Variant le diamètre et la densité des particules et mesurant la vitesse d'impact nous a permis de déterminer des valeurs du nombre de Reynolds entre 1 000 et 13 000. Nous avons développé un modèle numérique et solutionné les équations de mouvement de Lagrange. Les résultats montrent que la gravité, la résistance et la masse ajoutée ont un effet important dans la simulation du mouvement des petites particules pendant leur trajectoire entre le point de départ et l'impact sur le mur, pour un nombre de Reynolds entre 1000 et 5000. La comparaison avec les observations montre que les simulations sous-estiment les trajectoires par 1 à 4,3 %. L'ajout des forces de Boussinesq permet alors aux trajectoires calculées d'être en excellent accord avec les trajectoires observées. Les expériences avec des particules plus grosses ont montré des oscillations dans l'évolutions temporelle de la vitesse, lorsque le nombre de Reynolds était entre 3 000 et 13 000. En répétant les expériences et en prenant la moyenne sur un grand nombre d'expériences nous obtenons des trajectoires moyennes sans os...

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Computational Simulation of the Blood Separation Process

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Computational Simulation of a Non‐Newtonian Model of the Blood Separation Process

Computational Simulation of a Non‐Newtonian Model of the Blood Separation Process

Fluid dynamics topics in bloodstain pattern analysis: Comparative review and research opportunities

On the effect of gravitational and hydrodynamic forces on particle motion in a quiescent fluid at high particle Reynolds numbers

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