The
plant Goniothalamus leiocarpus of the Annonaceae
family is used as an alternative medicine in tropical regions. Applying
high-speed counter current chromatography (HSCCC), eight new bioactive
styrylpyrone isomers, including 6R,7S,8R,2′S-goniolactone B (1), 6S,7S,8S,2′S-goniolactone B (2), 6R,7R,8R,2′S-goniolactone B (3), 6R,7S,8S,2′S-goniolactone
C (4), 6R,7S,8R,2′S-goniolactone C (5), 6S,7R,8S,2′S-goniolactone C (6), and two positional isomers,
6R,7R,8R,2′S-goniolactone G (7) and 6S,7R,8R,2′S-goniolactone G (8), were isolated from a chloroform
fraction (2.1 g) of G. leiocarpus, which had a prominent
spot by TLC analysis. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated
by MS, NMR, IR, and UV spectra, and their absolute configurations
were determined by Mosher’s method, ECD, and X-ray diffraction
analysis. The isolates are characteristic components found in plants
of the genus Goniothalamus and consist of two structural
moieties: a styrylpyrone and a dihydroflavone unit. The isolation
of the eight new compounds demonstrates the effectiveness of HSCCC
in separating the isomers of natural styrylpyrone. In a bioactivity
assessment, compounds 1 and 6 exhibited
cytotoxic effects against the human colon carcinoma cell lines LS513
and SW620 with IC50 values ranging from 1.6 to 3.9 μM.
Compounds 1, 2, 7, and 8 showed significant synergistic activity against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.