Computational Models of Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder (
            <scp>PTSD</scp>
            )

Radell, Milen L.; Myers, Catherine E.; Sheynin, Jony; Moustafa, Ahmed A.

doi:10.1002/9781119159193.ch4

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…PTSD symptoms related to memory, arousal, and mood (DSM-5) have been the subject of earlier computational models (for a review, see Radell, Myers, Sheynin, & Moustafa, 2017). In contrast, our emphasis lies in showing how adaptive/healthy behaviour can become impaired, leading to maladaptive/pathological behaviour (see e.g., Sherin & Nemeroff, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reframing PTSD for computational psychiatry with the active inference framework

Linson

Friston

2019

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Recent advances in research on stress and, respectively, on disorders of perception, learning, and behaviour speak to a promising synthesis of current insights from (i) neurobiology, cognitive neuroscience and psychology of stress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and (ii) computational psychiatry approaches to pathophysiology (e.g. of schizophrenia and autism).Methods: Specifically, we apply this synthesis to PTSD. The framework of active inference offers an embodied and embedded lens through which to understand neuronal mechanisms, structures, and processes of cognitive function and dysfunction. In turn, this offers an explanatory model of how healthy mental functioning can go awry due to psychopathological conditions that impair inference about our environment and our bodies. In this context, auditory phenomena—known to be especially relevant to studies of PTSD and schizophrenia—and traditional models of auditory function can be viewed from an evolutionary perspective based on active inference.Results: We assess and contextualise a range of evidence on audition, stress, psychosis, and PTSD, and bring some existing partial models of PTSD into multilevel alignment.Conclusions: The novel perspective on PTSD we present aims to serve as a basis for new experimental designs and therapeutic interventions that integrate fundamentally biological, cognitive, behavioural, and environmental factors.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reframing PTSD for computational psychiatry with the active inference framework

Linson

Friston

2019

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As noted above, the biological mechanisms of PTSD are typically understood through the lens of the fear conditioning and extinction literature. In computational models, conditioning and extinction are captured through Reinforcement Learning (Sutton & Barto, 1998), a formal theory of how agents learn to select different actions based on environmental feedback (Myers et al, 2013;Radell et al, 2015Radell et al, , 2016Radell et al, 2017;Sheynin et al, 2015). For example, Myers et al (2013) developed an RL model with separate mechanisms for rewards and losses, and showed that performance of PTSD participants in a probabilistic decision-making task, could be modeled as a consequence of abnormally large reward values ascribed to neutral trials.…”

Section: Intrusive Memories and Existing Models Of Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, this paper presents a computational model that describes a potential mechanism by which intrusive memories arise and makes predictions about their frequency over time, their possible recovery trajectories, and their biological and behavioral consequences. A central assumption that sets our approach apart from previous models (Radell et al, 2017) is that traumatic memories can be understood within the context of a general theory of COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF INTRUSIVE MEMORIES episodic memory. This theory is grounded in a rational analysis of memory, is well specified computationally, and has a clear interpretation in terms of biology, thus providing a solid conceptual framework to understand and model traumatic memories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory, Interrupted: A Retrieval Model of Intrusive Memories, Recovery Trajectories, and Neurobiological Effects in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Stocco¹,

Smith²,

PeConga³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder often characterized by the unwanted re-experiencing of a traumatic event through nightmares, flashbacks, and/or intrusive memories. This paper presents a neurocomputational model using the ACT-R cognitive architecture that simulates intrusive memory retrieval following a potentially traumatic event (PTE) and derives predictions about an individual’s recovery trajectory, behavioral symptoms, and neurological effects. Memory intrusions were captured in the ACT-R framework by weighting the prior probability of re-encoding a memory by an emotional intensity term I, which captures the degree to which an event was perceived as dangerous or traumatic. A series of simulations were run in which a model performed memory retrievals under naturalistic conditions for up to two months after experiencing a simulated PTE. It was found that I had a significant effect on the probability of experiencing traumatic memory intrusions following a PTE, and that, under different conditions, the model experienced different probabilities of undergoing different recovery trajectories.

show abstract

“…Due to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, children in Gaza experienced a deep loss of self-esteem, cognitive problems, and psychiatric problems (Abu Al-Ammar, 2018, Elbedour, et al 2007Evelio 1999;Morgos, et al, 2007;Okasha, 2007;IRIN, 2012;Thabet, et al 2008;Diab, Isosavi, Qouta, Kuittinen, &Punamaki, 2018). Several studies have shown that exposure to trauma can lead to the development of mental health problems (Bielawski et al, 2019;Misiak et al, 2016;Misiak et al, 2017) and impaired (Myers et al, 2013;Radell et al, 2017). PTSD was initially known as "shellshock," and subsequently as "Gross Stress Disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of PTSD and Depression Among Gaza Children

Hamza

Elsantil

Moustafa

et al. 2019

HSSR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of posttraumatic distress disorder (PTSD) and depression among children in Gaza, Palestine. Methodology: This study assessed the psychological effects of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict on children in the Gaza Strip. 286 children aged 9-14 years old, who were exposed to a wide range of war events, were selected from the Gaza Strip to participate in this study. All participants conducted the following scales: the child PTSD Reaction Index(CPTSD-RI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Arabic version for PTSD and depression assessment. Finding: The results show that the mean number of participants witnessing home destroyed and people killed was (88%) and home invasion (76%). Approximately 70% of the participants reported that they witnessed war violence against at least one of their family members. Further, 44 % of the children have a least one death in their family due to the Israeli invasion. Using t-tests, we found that significantly more females have both PTSD and depression than males. Approximately 32.8% of the participants met the criteria for severe depression, and 42.6 % met the criteria for PTSD. Implications: Our results suggest that it is imperative to provide intervention programs to treat PTSD and depression symptoms among children in Gaza. These programs should take into account the cultural and religious background of the participants. Originality: This investigation of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has led to an increase in PTSD and depression symptoms among children in the Gaza Strip.

show abstract

Computational Models of Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD )

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

Reframing PTSD for computational psychiatry with the active inference framework

Reframing PTSD for computational psychiatry with the active inference framework

Memory, Interrupted: A Retrieval Model of Intrusive Memories, Recovery Trajectories, and Neurobiological Effects in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

The Prevalence of PTSD and Depression Among Gaza Children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About