Abstract:International audienceCell behaviour during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) was simulated using the cellular Potts formalism in Compucell3D. A recent in vitro study revealed that the mechanism of endocardial scattering can be induced independently of invasion into the extracellular matrix (ECM). This suggests that loss of endocardial cohesion alone is not sufficient for full EMT. The 3D simulations, which take account of changes in adhesion, match this conclusion. The principle by which the rate of … Show more
“…145 Albeit generally controlled by the expression of one or multiple genes, they introduce relevant epigenetic interactions beyond the gene level, key to the establishment of functional structures. In particular, one of the most well documented examples, also related to our proposed liquid-solid dichotomy, is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (hereafter EMT) 256,267 (Fig. 8b).…”
Efforts in evolutionary developmental biology have shed light on how organs are developed and why evolution has selected some structures instead of others. These advances in the understanding of organogenesis along with the most recent techniques of organotypic cultures, tissue bioprinting and synthetic biology provide the tools to hack the physical and genetic constraints in organ development, thus opening new avenues for research in the form of completely designed or merely altered settings. Here we propose a unifying framework that connects the concept of morphospace (i.e. the space of possible structures) with synthetic biology and tissue engineering. We aim for a synthesis that incorporates our understanding of both evolutionary and architectural constraints and can be used as a guide for exploring alternative design principles to build artificial organs and organoids. We present a three-dimensional morphospace incorporating three key features associated to organ and organoid complexity. The axes of this space include the degree of complexity introduced by developmental mechanisms required to build the structure, its potential to store and react to information and the underlying physical state. We suggest that a large fraction of this space is empty, and that the void might offer clues for alternative ways of designing and even inventing new organs.
“…145 Albeit generally controlled by the expression of one or multiple genes, they introduce relevant epigenetic interactions beyond the gene level, key to the establishment of functional structures. In particular, one of the most well documented examples, also related to our proposed liquid-solid dichotomy, is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (hereafter EMT) 256,267 (Fig. 8b).…”
Efforts in evolutionary developmental biology have shed light on how organs are developed and why evolution has selected some structures instead of others. These advances in the understanding of organogenesis along with the most recent techniques of organotypic cultures, tissue bioprinting and synthetic biology provide the tools to hack the physical and genetic constraints in organ development, thus opening new avenues for research in the form of completely designed or merely altered settings. Here we propose a unifying framework that connects the concept of morphospace (i.e. the space of possible structures) with synthetic biology and tissue engineering. We aim for a synthesis that incorporates our understanding of both evolutionary and architectural constraints and can be used as a guide for exploring alternative design principles to build artificial organs and organoids. We present a three-dimensional morphospace incorporating three key features associated to organ and organoid complexity. The axes of this space include the degree of complexity introduced by developmental mechanisms required to build the structure, its potential to store and react to information and the underlying physical state. We suggest that a large fraction of this space is empty, and that the void might offer clues for alternative ways of designing and even inventing new organs.
“…When Notch intra is absent the target cell is repressed which leads to lateral inhibition ( Figure 1a); but in its presence the target cell is activated which leads to lateral induction (Figure 1b). c Figure 1: a) schematic diagram of lateral inhibition [6]; b) schematic diagram of lateral induction [6]; c) Sensory hair patches in a chick's inner ear [7].…”
Section: Biological Contextmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous work by the research team at Loughborough University has investigated the link between multi-scale functions and behaviour in the development of heart tissue using an ontological approach [3] and more specifically epithelial to mesenchymal transition in cardiac cushion growth in the development of heart valves [4,5]. In the latter studies, the role of the trans-membrane protein Delta-Notch cell signalling network is particularly important.…”
Abstract. Lateral inhibition is described as an emergent property of the Delta-Notch signalling network. Two separate model representations of lateral inhibition are proposed for different purposes. One provides information about bioenergetics while the other has the capability to produce a physical representation. It is proposed that both can be used in further studies of the sensory pathways in the human connectome model of brain function.
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