Computational modeling of jet induced mixing of cryogenic propellants in low-G

Phase field modeling of liquid jets in low gravity

“…Nickell et al [21] analyzes flow from a jet into a liquid and the resultant free surface shape for a normal gravity application, but removes all surface tension from the analysis as secondary. Hochstein [22,23] analyzes the microgravity mixing with a volume of fluid approach, but uses only a limited approximation to model the surface tension. Aydelott et al [24] and Der and Stevens [25] both analyze the motion of a bubble in the oxygen tank during separation of a Centaur stage with VOF models; noteworthy in these is again the appearance of a geyser.…”

“…Analytical work is listed in Refs. [7,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Concus [19,20] provides differential equations of the free surface problem, but analyzes only static cases.…”

Simulation of Jet-Induced Geysers in Reduced Gravity

“…The TVS solution represented a step toward a more comprehensive on-orbit experiment program that was eventually terminated by NASA for budgetary reasons. In order for the venting approach to be feasible, the liquid must also be positively positioned (Hochstein et al 1984) so that the liquid propellant is opposite the vent. Positive positioning will minimize venting the liquid portion of the tank contents to space.…”

“…One solution is to use a computational model to investigate further geyser flows and to aid in the design of future spacecraft propellant management systems. A 2-D computational model was enhanced that simulated jet-induced mixing in a reduced gravity (Hochstein et al 1984 and simulation results were compared to the available experimental data. The simulation used a Jones and Launder k-ε model (Jones and Launder 1972) with the Pope round jet correction (Pope 1978) to model two dimensional axisymmetric turbulence jet flows.…”

Parametric Investigation of Liquid Jets in Low Gravity

“…Nickell 22 analyzes flow from a jet into a liquid and the resultant free surface shape for a normal gravity application, but removes all surface tension from the analysis as secondary. Hochstein [23][24] analyzes the microgravity mixing with a volume of fluid approach, but uses only a limited approximation to model the surface tension. Aydelott 25 and Der 26 both analyze the motion of a bubble in the oxygen tank during separation of a Centaur stage with VOF models; noteworthy in these is again the appearance of a geyser.…”