Computational Model To Quantify the Growth of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Wastewater

Abstract

The rate at which antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has developed and spread throughout the world has increased in recent years, and according to the Review on Antimicrobial Resistance in 2014, it is suggested that the current rate will lead to AMR-related deaths of several million people by 2050 (Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, Tackling a Crisis for the Health and Wealth of Nations , 2014). One major reservoir of resistant bacterial populations that has been linked to outbreaks of drug-resistant bacterial infections but is not well understood is in wastewater settings, where antibiotic pollution is often present.

Mathematical Modeling of Fluconazole Resistance in the Ergosterol Pathway of Candida albicans

“…The model uses ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with mass-action kinetics, as first described in ( 23 ), which has since become a standard method for mathematical modeling. Recently, Sutradhar et al (2021) used an ODE model to determine the drivers of the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wastewater ( 24 ). The ODEs for the model without azole (normal pathway) are shown in Equation 1 , as: …”

Models for Gut-Mediated Horizontal Gene Transfer by Bacterial Plasmid Conjugation

“…Furthermore, mathematical and in silico modeling of bacterial conjugation in the environment, such as in biofilms, wastewater, and in vitro laboratory conditions, however, modeling of conjugation in the in vivo environment of the animal gut is still limited, largely due to the lack of these priory data required for the construction of such models ( Haft et al, 2009 ; Merkey et al, 2011 ; Campos et al, 2020 ; Sutradhar et al, 2021 ). As such, more effort to define and implement in vivo models to identify and characterize important in vivo factors is required before significant conclusions are achievable with in silico modeling.…”

Therapeutic potential of bacteriophage endolysins for infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria

“…The extensive use of antibiotics promotes the crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which has made the clinical treatment of bacterial infections difficult and poses a challenge to global public health; the AMR problem requires immediate action, preferably one that is long term [ 1 , 2 ]. Drug-resistant bacterial infections can result in at least 50,000 deaths every year in Europe and the United States and hundreds of thousands of victims in other regions of the world [ 3 ], leading to a loss of $3 trillion in gross domestic product annually [ 4 ]. In 2017, the World Health Organization published a list of global priority pathogens that require the exploration and development of novel antimicrobials [ 5 ].…”