Computational model for pathway reconstruction to unravel the evolutionary significance of melanin synthesis

Singh, Sudha; Malhotra, Anvita Gupta; Pandey, Ajay Kumar; Pandey, Khushhali M.

doi:10.6026/97320630009094

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In microbial melanogenesis the most important enzyme seems to be tyrosinase, a monooxygenase which binds two copper ions within the active site by three conserved histidines residues [ 12 ]. Indeed, Liu et al [ 33 ] identified the heat-inducible tyrosinase responsible for the pigment production by wild B .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…weihenstephanensis JAS 83/3 genome. Nevertheless, there are several other enzymes potentially involved in melanin production, such as laccase or polyketide synthases [ 12 , 13 , 17 ]. Also some species produce melanin in a way of homogentisic acid polymerization [ 14 , 53 ], yet little is known about these mechanisms among B .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, melanin protects pathogens against immune responses of a microbe's host [ 9 ], and appears to play an important role in the development of symbiosis between soil bacteria and plants [ 10 ]. In most organisms, melanin production starts with an enzymatic reaction of L-tyrosine via L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) to DOPA-quinone, which involves enzymes such as tyrosinase or tyrosine hydroxylase [ 11 , 12 ]. In some fungi, such as Cryptococcus neoformans , the conversion of L-DOPA to DOPA-quinone occurs with the participation of laccase [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melanin-Like Pigment Synthesis by Soil Bacillus weihenstephanensis Isolates from Northeastern Poland

et al. 2015

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Although melanin is known for protecting living organisms from harmful physical and chemical factors, its synthesis is rarely observed among endospore-forming Bacillus cereus sensu lato. Here, for the first time, we reported that psychrotolerant Bacillus weihenstephanensis from Northeastern Poland can produce melanin-like pigment. We assessed physicochemical properties of the pigment and the mechanism of its synthesis in relation to B. weihenstephanensis genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy displayed a stable free radical signal of the pigment from environmental isolates which are consistent with the commercial melanin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and physicochemical tests indicated the phenolic character of the pigment. Several biochemical tests showed that melanin-like pigment synthesis by B. weihenstephanensis was associated with laccase activity. The presence of the gene encoding laccase was confirmed by the next generation whole genome sequencing of one B. weihenstephanensis strain. Biochemical (API 20E and 50CHB tests) and genetic (Multi-locus Sequence Typing, 16S rRNA sequencing, and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis) characterization of the isolates revealed their close relation to the psychrotrophic B. weihenstephanensis DSMZ 11821 reference strain. The ability to synthesize melanin-like pigment by soil B. weihenstephanensis isolates and their psychrotrophic character seemed to be a local adaptation to a specific niche. Detailed genetic and biochemical analyses of melanin-positive environmental B. weihenstephanensis strains shed some light on the evolution and ecological adaptation of these bacteria. Moreover, our study raised new biotechnological possibilities for the use of water-soluble melanin-like pigment naturally produced by B. weihenstephanensis as an alternative to commercial non-soluble pigment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melanin-Like Pigment Synthesis by Soil Bacillus weihenstephanensis Isolates from Northeastern Poland

et al. 2015

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“…Basic Information-This includes Gene name, Protein name, Uniprot id, status, Length of the protein, gene name synonyms and also the source from which this protein is obtained as vitiligo disease protein. This source can be related to protein or pathway in which the protein is involved like database, microarray experimentation, autoimmunity, susceptibility studies, apoptosis, melanogenesis (Singh et al, 2013) or oxidative stress.…”

Section: Vitiligo Protein Repositorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Edifi ce of vitiDB: A fi rst ever structured portal for vitiligo protein repository and its assessment

Malhotra¹,

Singh²,

Jha³

et al. 2017

Biosci. Biotech. Res. Comm

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vitiDB (http://vitidb.com/index.php) is the fi rst ever structured repository exclusively for vitiligo disorder. This portal brings together valuable but heterogeneous or disparate information available from a spectrum of public domain databases, patents and published literature sources on vitiligo. The aim is to arm the research community with critical details extracted froma reviewed resource of vitiligo genes and proteins. In addition, the database throws light on interectome of proteins and their targetability assessment. The current release of vitiDB contains 333 vitiligo disease-associated proteins and nearly 5000 allied proteins. Each entry provides comprehensive data related to the protein like its kinetic, pharmacological and ontological properties. Additionally, this portal provides browsing and extracting information related to vitiligo protein interaction network and its topological properties. vitiDB catalogues 107416 unique interactions among 4845 proteins derived from 8 different databases. Detailed targetability analysis is available at this portaland it includes druggability, assayability, essentiality, vulnerability and secretability analysis for the disease proteins. This user-friendly web interface will help the user to have an informed opinion on disease genes without having to plough through various databases. The additional information in the form of derived data can potentially assist in the drug discovery process. There will be sustained effortsaimed at periodic updation of the core data in the wake of their extension / modifi cation as well as constructive feedback received from the users.

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“…()). Melanogenesis is a complex multistep production of melanins via hydroxylation, oxidation, and polymerization of the oxidized metabolites (Singh, Malhotra, Pandey, & Pandey, ). To be specific, melanin biosynthesis in insect cuticle initially starts with tyrosine being converted to dopa by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and the dopa is directly used to produce dopa‐melanin pigments or further converted to dopamine with the action of dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and used to produce dopamine‐melanin pigments (Wright, ; Zhang et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and biological characterization of a light‐colored mutant in the multicolored Asian lady beetle,Harmonia axyridis

Sun

Hao

Yan

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Insect cuticle color formed with melanin pigments has numerous types of mutants which usually cause pleiotropic effects. Melanism has been widely studied, but mutants with light‐colored phenotype as well as the consequent fitness changes have rarely been reported.Here, in the laboratory strain of Harmonia axyridis, we found a novel mutant gr and confirmed that the mutation was inherited in a simple Mendelian autosomal recessive manner. This mutant (HAM) continuously displayed a light‐colored pigmentation versus dark blackish in the wild phenotype (HAW). L‐DOPA and dopamine are melanin precursors, and less L‐DOPA was present in the cuticle of larval and adult HAM mutants compared to HAW wild type, but more dopamine was detected in the larval cuticle of HAM (p ≤ 0.0235). For the orange background of elytra, the composition as well as total concentration of carotenoids was different between HAM and HAW, which resulted in significantly lower saturation value but significantly higher hue value in HAM than in HAW (p < 0.0001).Extensive fitness changes were detected in HAM. (a) HAM larvae had similar predation capacity and preimaginal development time as HAW, but the newly emerged adults were much smaller (p < 0.0001). (b) Both fecundity and egg hatch rate in cross ♀(HAM) × ♂(HAM) were significantly lower than those in ♀(HAW) × ♂(HAW) (p ≤ 0.0087), but were not different with those in ♀(HAW) × ♂(HAM). (c) HAM had weaker resistance to desiccation and ultraviolet irradiation compared to HAW (p ≤ 0.0115).These results indicated that the novel light‐colored mutant (HAM) was highly correlated with fitness changes, and it would be a perfect model to study molecular mechanisms of melanism and how a gene results in pleiotropic effects.

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Computational model for pathway reconstruction to unravel the evolutionary significance of melanin synthesis

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Melanin-Like Pigment Synthesis by Soil Bacillus weihenstephanensis Isolates from Northeastern Poland

Melanin-Like Pigment Synthesis by Soil Bacillus weihenstephanensis Isolates from Northeastern Poland

Edifi ce of vitiDB: A fi rst ever structured portal for vitiligo protein repository and its assessment

Morphological and biological characterization of a light‐colored mutant in the multicolored Asian lady beetle,Harmonia axyridis

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