Computational mechanisms underlying illusion of control in delusional individuals

Na, Soojung; Blackmore, Sylvia; Chung, Dongil; O’Brien, Madeline; Banker, Sarah; Heflin, Matthew; Fiore, Vincenzo; Gu, Xiaosi

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2022.01.054

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Además, dicha conducta parece estar moderada por hipoactividad en el núcleo caudado (área vinculada con inhibición motora; Morris et al, 2015). También se han encontrado déficits en otras tareas de ilusión de control (Moritz et al, 2014;Na et al, 2022), y correlación ilusoria (Balzan al., 2013;Lee et al, 2005). Algunos autores han propuesto que esta forma de procesar contingencias de forma distinta pudiera ser lo que promueve el incremento en creatividad en población esquizotípica (Claridge, 2018;Mohr & Claridge, 2015).…”

Section: Insensibilidad De Contingencia Y Rasgos Esquizotípicosunclassified

Contingencias como Modelos de Causalidad en Psicopatología

Castiello,

Murphy

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

La Teoría de Aprendizaje por Contingencias (TAC) unifica el aprendizaje Pavloviano e instrumental y es usada para comprender psicopatologías. En la primera sección de esta presentamos formas matemáticas de la TAC: analítica y computacional (o de procesos). En la segunda sección, describimos métodos experimentales para estudiar contingencias en humanos: secuencia rápida de estímulos, basada en la observación de contingencias entre estímulos; y operante libre, la cual requiere respuestas instrumentales. El primer método es pasivo y permite estudiar percepción de contingencias en humanos. El segundo método es activo en el cual los participantes usan sus acciones para controlar efectos (sentido de agencia e ilusión de causalidad). En la tercera sección, ejemplificamos como la TAC es usada para entender diferencias individuales relacionadas a depresión y esquizotipia. Por un lado, las personas con rasgos altos de depresión suelen estar protegidos contra sesgos optimistas de control, i.e., ‘realismo depresivo’. Esto sugiere insensibilidad a su propio control similar a personas con esquizotipia alta que son menos sensibles a los efectos de sus acciones. Con esta revisión esperamos incentivar el uso de la TAC en psicopatología experimental con fin de entender características transdiagnósticas en condiciones psiquiátricas en las cuales el aprendizaje causal sea central.

show abstract

Section: Insensibilidad De Contingencia Y Rasgos Esquizotípicosunclassified

Contingencias como Modelos de Causalidad en Psicopatología

Castiello,

Murphy

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Social controllability, or one's ability to in uence other people, is crucial for achieving optimal behavior during dynamic interactions and subsequently, mental wellbeing. To measure social controllability, we used an monetary exchange task [23][24][25][26] modi ed from the ultimatum game, in which participants decide whether to accept or reject proposed splits of $20 offered by players from two independent teams (Fig. 2A; see Methods for details).…”

Section: Social Controllabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The social controllability task [23][24][25] investigates how individuals exploit control over others to maximize rewards. Participants were paired with virtual players from two 30-person teams, denoted by a town name ("Aldertown" and "Banyan Bay") as well as a common color for the background and team members' shirts.…”

Section: Social Controllability Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypical divergence between self-reported and clinically ascertained autism

Banker,

Schafer,

Harrington

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While allowing for rapid recruitment of large samples, online psychiatric and neurodevelopmental research relies heavily on participants’ self-report of neuropsychiatric symptoms, foregoing the rigorous clinical characterization of laboratory settings. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research is one example where the clinical validity of such an approach remains elusive. Here, we compared participants characterized online via self-reports against in-person participants evaluated by clinicians. Despite having comparable self-reported autism symptoms, the online high-trait group reported significantly more social anxiety and avoidant behavior than in-person ASD subjects. Within the in-person sample, there was no relationship between self-rated and clinician-rated autism symptoms, suggesting these approaches may capture different aspects of ASD. The online high-trait and in-person ASD participants also differed in their behavior in well-validated social decision-making tasks: the in-person group perceived having less social control and acted less affiliative towards virtual characters. Our study aimed to draw comparisons at three levels: methodological platform (online versus in-person), symptom measurement (self- versus clinician-report), and social behavior. We identified a lack of agreement between self- and clinician-rated measures of symptoms and divergent social tendencies in groups ascertained by each method, highlighting the need for differentiation between in-person versus online samples in autism research.

show abstract

“…We adopt model classes which embody different temporal, recursive, and causal structural features (for a visual summary see Figure 2, Key Figure ): shallow Depth-of-Mentalisation (DoM; including a self's beliefs, and a self's beliefs about the other given past actions), hierarchical DoM (self-beliefs about how the self's actions will influence the other's actions at different levels of recursion), and Group Mentalisation (how the self may hold beliefs about multiple others). We note here that while RL formulations of social interaction have been developed, may fit within our taxonomy, and make important contributions [42][43][44][45][46], these are not the focus of our review. Nevertheless, we hope our taxonomy provides a useful framing for wider work in this area.…”

Section: Social Representations and Psychiatric Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Formalising social representation to explain psychiatric symptoms

Barnby¹,

Dayan²,

Bell³

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent work in social cognition has moved beyond a focus on how people process social reward to examine how healthy people represent other agents and how this is altered in psychiatric disorder. However, formal modelling of social representation has not kept pace with these changes, impeding our understanding of how core aspects of social cognition function, and fail, in psychopathology. We argue that belief-based computational models provide a basis for an integrated sociocognitive approach to psychiatry with the potential to address important but unexamined pathologies of social representation such as maladaptive schemas and illusory social agents.

show abstract

Computational mechanisms underlying illusion of control in delusional individuals

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Contingencias como Modelos de Causalidad en Psicopatología

Contingencias como Modelos de Causalidad en Psicopatología

Phenotypical divergence between self-reported and clinically ascertained autism

Formalising social representation to explain psychiatric symptoms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About