Computational Identification of the Plausible Molecular Vaccine Candidates of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica

Abstract

Salmonella enterica serovars are responsible for the life-threatening, fatal, invasive diseases that are common in children and young adults. According to the most recent estimates, globally, there are approximately 11–20 million cases of morbidity and between 128,000 and 161,000 mortality per year. The high incidence rates of diseases like typhoid, caused by the serovars Typhi and Paratyphi, and gastroenteritis, caused by the non-typhoidal Salmonellae, have become worse, with the ever-increasing pathogenic strains being resistant to fluoroquinolones or almost even the third generation cephalosporins, such as ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. With vaccination still being one of the chosen methods of eradicating this disease, identification of candidate proteins, to be utilized for effective molecular vaccines, has probably remained a challenging issue. In our study here, we portray the usage of computational tools to analyze and predict potential vaccine candidate(s) for the multi-drug resistant serovars of S. enterica.

Promising Acinetobacter baumannii Vaccine Candidates and Drug Targets in Recent Years

“…Bioinformatics approaches, especially proteomics, have been extensively applied in recent studies by ushering the mining of core protein candidates in downstream vaccine design and modifications (Figure 2). For instance, applying pan genomics in inferring gene conservation across species or strains (74), predicting immunogenicity in proteins and inferring epitopes through reverse vaccinology (75), and inferring essential proteins involved during infection via proteomic interactomes (76,77). Furthermore, predicting effective T and B-cell epitopes has been an essential step during vaccine design in ensuring that only the specific immunogenic parts of the candidate proteins are retained via peptide truncation due to cost and time efficiency in laboratory or downstream bulk production (78).…”