Computational fluid dynamics simulations of MBRs: Inside submerged versus outside submerged membranes

The use of electrical resistance tomography for the characterization of gas holdup inside a bubble column bioreactor containing activated sludge

“…Selection of the superficial gas velocity range was made based on the related research works on activated sludge systems including MBRs, bubble columns, and airlift reactors [12,13,[36][37][38]. All of the hydrodynamic experiments were carried out in duplicate and the mean values were reported.…”

Analysis of gas phase characteristics and mixing performance in an activated sludge bioreactor using electrical resistance tomography

“…Generally, mixing time is one of the most important hydrodynamic characteristics in different types of chemical engineering reactors, and it is also considered as a determinant parameter for design and scale up purposes [6,19,33]. Some techniques such as dye addition [34], conductivity probe [35], radioactive liquid tracer [36], and thermocouple-based methods [37] have been used by many researchers for mixing time measurements.…”

The Performance and Fouling Control of Submerged Hollow Fiber (HF) Systems: A Review

“…Flux reduction is commonly implemented as a sustainable permeability operation (i.e., at a lower flux to maintain stable operation) or as an intermittent operation (i.e., at a higher operating flux with intermittent remedial measures such as relaxation and/or backwashing). As for (iv), aeration is acknowledged to be the main mixing mechanism [137,138] that generates a large amount of momentum that in turn reduces dead-zones and short-circuiting [139]. More details on aeration are given in Section 6.2.…”