“…However, despite all of these technological efforts, none of these bioreactors, are, at present, able to provide optimal conditions for the long-term maintenance of large tissue-like masses in culture. The current generation of bioreactors was, in reality, developed for yielding large masses of cells (or cell products) for industrial or clinical applications, and not for supporting the survival or the self-assembly of multiple cell types into complex 3D tissue-like structures (Hutmacher & Singh, 2008). This applies, in particular, to the liver, a highly specialized organ, whose cellular components are extremely sensitive to even minimal environmental changes, already under physiological conditions (Nahmias et al, 2006;Catapano & Gerlach, 2007).…”