Computational Fluid Dynamics and its Applications in Echinoderm Palaeobiology

Rahman, Imran A.

doi:10.1017/9781108893473

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…This protocol will also be used to validate specific CFD studies, with the same models used in CFD simulations 3D-printed, and the simulation parameters replicated as closely as possible. These CFD studies can then be used to address a range of postures, morphologies, and flow velocities, at a lower cost, more quickly, and with a wider range of visualisation choices than feasible for EFD analyses alone (Rahman, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Palmer (2011) constructed model pterosaur wings, testing the aerodynamism in wind tunnel experiments, and comparing them to aerofoils; the results may also be comparable to future CFD simulations. Other experimental studies analysed flow around echinoderm models to test a variety of functional morphological hypotheses (see summary in Rahman 2020). Several recent studies carried out experiments that provide limited comparison to CFD simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental protocol for validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics palaeoecological simulations

Drage,

Pates,

Minter

2024

Preprint

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Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are increasingly used to test palaeoecological hypotheses. These analyses output simulated velocity and pressure flow profiles, and drag and lift force values acting on a model. These outputs are presumed to be internally consistent, assuming consistently applied parameters, but it is unclear whether these reflect real-world force measurements. Without having certainty in the simulated force outputs, we risk the resulting palaeoecological hypotheses lacking robustness. To test the difference between simulated and real-world force values, Experimental Fluid Dynamics (EFD) analyses using flume tanks can be performed, though these have rarely been done for palaeobiological research. We present ongoing, preliminary work to produce a broadly applicable protocol for performing EFD analyses to validate CFD results. We discuss digital model production and the considerations involved in 3D printing models to use in EFD, present the low-cost, open-source circuitry equipment used to measure forces, and display the jig built to support the circuitry above the flume tank during experiments. This protocol is undergoing refinement prior to data collection, including the method to attach the load cells to the jig and the material used for the beam connecting the model to the jig. Following refinement, this protocol will be consequently updated, and a series of validation values will be produced for major early Palaeozoic arthropod body plans under different flow regimes in varied water column positions. These values can be used to validate CFD results of varied future studies, and the protocol replicated to support others in performing EFD validation of palaeoecological hypothesis-testing experiments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental protocol for validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics palaeoecological simulations

Drage,

Pates,

Minter

2024

Preprint

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Expanded Sampling Across Ontogeny in <I>Deltasuchus motherali</I> (Neosuchia, Crocodyliformes)

Drumheller

Adams²,

Maddox

et al. 2021

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Testing Character Evolution Models in Phylogenetic Paleobiology

Wright¹,

Wagner²,

Wright³

2021

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Macroevolutionary inference has historically been treated as a two-step process, involving the inference of a tree, and then inference of a macroevolutionary model using that tree. Newer models blend the two steps. These methods make more complete use of fossils than the previous generation of Bayesian phylogenetic models. They also involve many more parameters than prior models, including parameters about which empiricists may have little intuition. In this Element, the authors set forth a framework for fitting complex, hierarchical models. The authors ultimately fit and use a joint tree and diversification model to estimate a dated phylogeny of the Cincta (Echinodermata), a morphologically distinct group of Cambrian echinoderms that lack the fivefold radial symmetry characteristic of extant members of the phylum. Although the phylogeny of cinctans remains poorly supported in places, this Element shows how models of character change and diversification contribute to understanding patterns of phylogenetic relatedness and testing macroevolutionary hypotheses.

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Computational Fluid Dynamics and its Applications in Echinoderm Palaeobiology

Cited by 12 publications

References 74 publications

Experimental protocol for validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics palaeoecological simulations

Experimental protocol for validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics palaeoecological simulations

Expanded Sampling Across Ontogeny in <I>Deltasuchus motherali</I> (Neosuchia, Crocodyliformes)

Testing Character Evolution Models in Phylogenetic Paleobiology

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