Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of an Intra‐Cardiac Axial Flow Pump

Mitoh, Ayumi; Yano, Tetsuya; Sekine, Keitaro; Mitamura, Yoshinori; Okamoto, Eiji; Kim, Dong-Wook; Yozu, Ryohei; Kawada, Shiaki

doi:10.1046/j.1525-1594.2003.07190.x

Cited by 57 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Antaki 1 also discussed the utility of power-law models and concluded that they are unable to capture the effects of subtle features of the blood contacting geometry, which have been shown to largely affect hemolysis. Previous researchers have attempted to use current blood damage power-law models to estimate hemolysis from CFD results, often using a Lagrangian approach, 22,33,45 where damage was calculated along multiple streamlines in the domain of interest. These conventional models provide poor estimates of hemolysis when compared to experimental hemolysis data in the same flow system, thus these investigators have illustrated the inaccuracy of current models for hemolysis prediction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Significance of Extensional Stresses to Red Blood Cell Lysis in a Shearing Flow

2011

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Traditionally, an empirical power-law model relating hemolysis to shear stress and exposure time has been used to estimate hemolysis related to flow--however, this basis alone has been insufficient in attempts to predict hemolysis through computational fluid dynamics. Because of this deficiency, we sought to re-examine flow features related to hemolysis in a shearing flow by computationally modeling a set of classic experiments performed in a capillary tube. Simulating 21 different flows of varying entrance contraction ratio, flowrate and viscosity, we identified hemolysis threshold streamlines and analyzed the stresses present. Constant damage thresholds for radial and axial extensional stresses of approximately 3000 Pa for exposure times on the order of microseconds were observed, while no such threshold was found for the maximum shear stress or gradient of the shear stress. The extensional flow seen at the entrance of the capillary appears to be most consistently related to hemolysis. An account of how extensional stresses can lead to lysis of a red cell undergoing tank-tread motion in a shearing flow is provided. This work shows that extensional components of the stress tensor are integral in causing hemolysis for some flows, and should be considered when attempting to predict hemolysis computationally.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,31,33 Lokhandwalla and Sturtevant, 31 for example, noted the presence of extensional flow with hemolysis from shock wave lithotripsy. When working with hamster ovary cells, Mollet et al 34 found that high levels of cell damage were seen in areas of high extensional stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Extensional Stresses to Red Blood Cell Lysis in a Shearing Flow

2011

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“…Some of the advantages of the k-ε model are robustness, reasonable accuracy for wide flow ranges, and computational economy [1,3]. The k-ε model has been commonly used to design prosthetic heart devices [49][50][51][52][53][54]. For the k-ω turbulence model, the shear-stress transport (SST) k-ω model was used.…”

Section: Turbulence Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reynolds Stresses and Hemolysis in Turbulent Flow Examined by Threshold Analysis

Ozturk

O’Rear

Papavassiliou

2016

Fluids

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Abstract:Use of laminar flow-derived power law models to predict hemolysis with turbulence remains problematical. Flows in a Couette viscometer and a capillary tube have been simulated to investigate various combinations of Reynolds and/or viscous stresses power law models for hemolysis prediction. A finite volume-based computational method provided Reynolds and viscous stresses so that the effects of area-averaged and time-averaged Reynolds stresses, as well as total, viscous, and wall shear on hemolysis prediction could be assessed. The flow computations were conducted by using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes models of turbulence (k-ε and k-ω SST) to simulate four different experimental conditions in a capillary tube and seven experimental conditions in a Couette viscometer taken from the literature. Power law models were compared by calculating standard errors between measured hemolysis values and those derived from power law models with data from the simulations. In addition, suitability of Reynolds and viscous stresses was studied by threshold analysis. Results showed there was no evidence of a threshold value for hemolysis in terms of Reynolds and viscous stresses. Therefore, Reynolds and viscous stresses are not good predictors of hemolysis. Of power law models, the Zhang power law model (Artificial Organs, 2011, 35, 1180-1186 gives the lowest error overall for the hemolysis index and Reynolds stress (0.05570), while Giersiepen's model (The International journal of Artificial Organs, 1990, 13, 300-306) yields the highest (6.6658), and intermediate errors are found through use of Heuser's (Biorheology, 1980, 17, 17-24) model (0.3861) and Fraser's (Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 2012, 134, 081002) model (0.3947).

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“…More recently, hemolysis predictions on heart valves and blood pumps have been made by several research groups, using the results of CFD analysis. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] These studies incorporate blood cell damage models based upon a power-law relationship among hemoglobin release, shear stress, and exposure time. 8,9 Consideration of hemolysis as a function of shear stress and exposure time is a conventional approach.…”

Section: Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) Simulations On a Varietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Computational Models for Hemolysis Estimation

Smith

2005

ASAIO Journal

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The potential for mechanical erythrocyte damage, or hemolysis, in heart valves and blood pumps has been estimated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, combined with mathematical models of red cell damage mechanisms. To date, these prediction approaches have not been compared with each other in common benchmark cases, nor have they been evaluated in radically different flow geometries. In this study, four test devices, including a hemoresistometer, a spinning disk, a capillary tube, and a concentric cylinder viscometer were hemolysis tested and computationally simulated. A number of existing models were used to predict blood damage and these models were compared with each other and with actual measurement of hemolysis. The study indicates that the effectiveness of blood damage prediction from the existing models is similar and can potentially be improved with the consideration of a proposed repeated flow passage effect. It also indicates that the improved models can be used to more effectively predict blood damage in widely different situations.

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Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of an Intra‐Cardiac Axial Flow Pump

Cited by 57 publications

References 12 publications

Significance of Extensional Stresses to Red Blood Cell Lysis in a Shearing Flow

Significance of Extensional Stresses to Red Blood Cell Lysis in a Shearing Flow

Reynolds Stresses and Hemolysis in Turbulent Flow Examined by Threshold Analysis

Evaluation of Computational Models for Hemolysis Estimation

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