Computational-Based Study of QuEChERS Extraction of Cyclohexanedione Herbicide Residues in Soil by Chemometric Modeling

Abstract

Assessment of two buffered QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) versions (i.e., citrate and acetate) modified by including methanol to recover the residues of three cyclohexanedione oxime (CHD) herbicides and three of their byproducts from agricultural soil was performed. In this context, a full second-order face-centered factorial experimental design was developed to quantify the influences of the main five variables (i.e., extraction time, water content, soil weight, and extraction solvent volume and composition) on the target compound recoveries. The fitting equations satisfactorily described the extraction process behavior. The mathematical models also showed the most influencing independent variables (i.e., extraction solvent composition and soil weight). Handling simpler expressions was possible with the acetate QuEChERS but not with the citrate QuEChERS. The recoveries of the CHD residues were close to 100% after performing the extraction under suitable conditions. Furthermore, dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) clean-up steps were assessed to reduce the matrix effect in mass spectrometry. In this sense, the citrate QuEChERS in combination with the PSA + C18 clean-up step was the best option for the extraction of CHD residues.

Determination of 107 Pesticide Residues in Wolfberry with Acetate-buffered Salt Extraction and Sin-QuEChERS Nano Column Purification Coupled with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…Common sample pretreatment techniques including liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [27], solid phase extraction (SPE) [28,29], microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) [29,30], supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) [31], accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) [32,33,34], magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) [35,36], gel permeation chromatography (GPC) [37,38,39], as well as the QuEChERS method (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) which was firstly published by Anastassiades et al in 2003 [40]. Nowadays, the QuEChERS protocol has been widely used for the determination of pesticide residues due to its significant advantages [41]. After the continuous improvement, two buffer versions, namely AOAC Official Method 2007.01 (acetate buffering) [42] and European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Standard Method EN 15,662 (citrate buffering) [43], were gradually formed on the basis of QuEChERS technology and widely utilized in sample pretreatment process prior to chromatographic analysis.…”

Simultaneous determination of 27 pesticides in corn and cow matrices by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

“…In addition, an SCIEX Triple Quad™ 5500 is used to identify the optimal declustering potential and collision energy. 25,26 According to previous studies, using ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent tends to extract more matrix components and impurities, which can affect the subsequent purication process. 25 Therefore, to reduce or eliminate the interference of lipids, we have initially chosen ACN and methanol as the extraction solvents.…”

Research and Application of In Situ Sample-Processing Methods for Rapid Simultaneous Detection of Pyrethroid Pesticides in Vegetables

“…As we know, PSA has been used as the d-SPE sorbent, which is aimed at removing polar pigments, fatty acids, polar organic acids and some sugars [28], and C18 has also been used as the d-SPE sorbent in the modified QuEChERS method to remove sterols and nonpolar interfering substances [29,30]. The QuEChERS method is an official AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) method for the extraction of pesticides from plant matrices [31,32]. However, as a general pre-processing method, it needs two centrifugation steps in order to separate and purify the acetonitrile phase, which requires a large centrifuge machine.…”